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TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 
U.r,.  PUBLIC  HEALTH  SERVICE 


INTERSTATE 

QUARANTINE  REGULATIONS 

OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES 


1Q21 


HZALTH 
UBRARY 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 

UNITED  STATES  PUBLIC  HEALTH  SERVICE 


INTERSTATE 
QUARANTINE  REGULATIONS 

OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES 


REVISED    EDITION 

MAY,  1921 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1921 


PUBUo 
HEALTH 

•^'  ofPocumefife' 

ADDITIONAL  COPIES 

OF  Tins  PUBLICATION  MAY  BE  PROCURED  FROM 

THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

AT 

10  CKNTS  PER  COPY 


\9Z[ 


CONTENTS. 

TRANSPOETATION   OF   PERSONS   OR   THINGS   INFECTED    WITH    COMMUNICABLE   DISEASKS. 

Page. 

1.  Quarantinable  diseases 5 

2.  Quarantinable  persons  or  things 5 

3.  Observance  of  travel  regulations 5 

4.  Persons  prohibited  from  travel 6 

5.  Travel  of  lepers 6 

6.  Travel  of  diseased  persons 6 

7.  Travel  of  tuberculous  persons 8 

8.  Travel  of  venereally  infected  persons 8 

9.  Sick  passenger  en  route 10 

10.  Conveyances  vacated  by  infected  per.sons 10 

11.  Cars  from  yellow  fever  localities 11 

12.  Transportation  of  things  exposed  to  infection 11 

13.  Transportation  of  oysters  and  clams 11 

14.  Transportation  of  shaving  or  lather  brushes 12 

15.  Shipment  of  animals  from  Rocky  Mountain  spotted  fever  localities 12 

16.  Prevention  spread  of  plague 13 

17.  Notification  of  quarantinable  diseases 13 

18.  Interstate  sanitary  officers 13 

WATER    SUPPLIES. 

19.  Water  in  interstate  traffic 14 

20.  Water  at  stations 15 

SANITATION   OF  CARS  AND  VESSELS. 

21.  General  sanitary  conditions 15 

22.  Common    towels 16 

23.  Common  drinking  cup 16 

24.  Brushing  of  teeth 16 

25.  Prevention  of  spitting 17 

26.  Ventilation  and  heating 17 

27.  Bedding 17 

28.  Toilets  and  lavatories 17 

29.  Dining  cars  and  dining  rooms IS 

SANITATION    OF    STATIONS    AND    CAilPS. 

30.  Sanitation  of  stations 19 

31.  Migratory  workers'  camps 19 

Appendix  A. — Certification  of  water  used  by  common  carriers  for  drinking 

and  culinary  purposes  in  interstate  traffic 20 

Appendix  B. — Disinfectants  authorized  by  the  United  States  quarantine 

regulations  and  the  proper  methods  of  generating  and  using  same 28 

Appendix  C. — Quarantine  laws  of  the  United  States 3G 

(3) 

749081 


INTERSTATE  QUARANTINE  REGULATIONS. 


Treasury  Department, 
Office  of  the  Secretary, 

Washington,  May  <?,  1921. 
To  officers  of  the  United  Stated  Public  Tlealth  Service,  State  and 
local  health  authorities,  and  others  concerned: 
Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service,  and  pursuant  to  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  February  15,  1893,  entitled  "An  act  granting  additional 
quarantine  powers  and  imposing  additional  duties  upon  the  Marine 
Hospital  Service,"  and  other  quarantine  laws,  the  following  inter- 
state quarantine  regulations  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  conta- 
gious and  infectious  diseases  into  one  State  or  Territory  or  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  from  another  State  or  Territory  or  the  District 
of  Columbia,  are  hereby  promulgated  for  the  information  and  guid- 
ance of  all  concerned. 

All  previous  regulations  inconsistent  herewith  are  hereby  revoked. 

A.  W.  Mellox, 
Secretary  of  the  'Treasury. 

(4) 


INTERSTATE  QUARANTINE  REGULATIONS. 


TRANSPORTATION  OF  PERSONS  OR  THINGS  INFECTED 
WITH  COMMUNICABLE  DISEASES. 


QUARANTINABLE  DISEASES. 

1.  For  the  purpose  of  interstate  quarantine  the  following  diseases 
shall  be  regarded  as  contagious  and  infectious  diseases  within  the 
meaning  of  section  3  of  the  act  approved  February  15,  1893 :  Plague, 
cholera,  smallpox,  typhus  fever,  yellow  fever,  typhoid  fever,  para- 
typhoid, dysentery,  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  leprosy,  scarlet  fever, 
diphtheria,  measles,  whooping  cough,  epidemic  cerebrospinal  men- 
ingitis, anterior  poliomyelitis,  Eocky  Mountain  spotted  or  tick  fever, 
syphilis,  gonorrhea,  chancroid,  anthrax,  influenza,  pneumonia,  epi- 
demic encephalitis,  septic  sore  throat,  rubella,  and  chicken  pox. 

QUARANTINABLE  PERSONS  OR  THINGS. 

2.  Any  person  or  thing,  either  living  or  dead,  which  has  been  un- 
duly exposed  to  or  in  intimate  contact  with  or  is  infected  with  any 
of  the  diseases  enumerated  in  section  1,  except  as  otherwise  provided 
in  these  regulations,  shall  be  regarded  as  contagious  or  infectious 
until  the  contrary  has  been  proved,  and  if  found  in  any  car,  vessel, 
vehicle,  or  conveyance  undergoing  interstate  transportation,  shall 
be  subjected  to  such  inspection,  disinfection,  or  other  measures  as 
may  be  necessary  to  prevent  the  spread  of  the  infection  from  them. 

OBSERVANCE  OF  TRAVEL  REGULATIONS. 

3.  Common  carriers  shall  not  knowingly  accept  for  transporta- 
tion from  one  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  into 
another  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  any  person 
suffering  from  any  of  the  diseases  mentioned  in  section  1,  except  as 
hereinafter  provided ;  and  no  person  knowing  that  he  is  in  the  com- 
municable stage  of  any  of  the  diseases  enumerated  in  section  1  shall 
travel  on  any  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  other  conveyance  engaging  in 
interstate  traffic,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  nor  shall  any  parent, 

(5) 


^^iardiati,,  physician,  nurse,  or  otlier  person  allow  or  procure  such 
transportation  for  any  minor,  ward,  patient,  or  other  person  under 
liis  charge. 

PERSONS   PROHIBITED   FROM   TRAVEL. 

4.  Xo  jx^rson  infected  with  plague,  cholera,  sniallpox,  yellow  fever, 
or  typhus  fever  shall  be  received  by  common  carriers,  their  agents,  or 
employees,  upon  an}'^  Aessel,  car,  vehicle,  or  conveyance  operating  in 
interstate  traffic. 

TRAVEL   OF   LEPERS. 

5.  Common  carriers  shall  not  accept  for  transportation  or  trans- 
port in  interstate  traffic  any  person  known  by  them  to  be  afflicted 
^v'lih.  leprosy,  nor  shall  any  person  so  afflicted  accept  such  transporta- 
tion except  as  hereinafter  provided. 

(a)  A  person  afflicted  w'ith  leprosy  shall  be  permitted  to  accept 
transpoi'tation  upon  presentation  of  permits  from  the  Surgeon 
(loneral  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  or  his  ac- 
credited representative,  and  from  the  health  authorities  of  the 
States,  Territories,  or  District  of  Columbia  to  and  from  which  he 
intends  to  travel,  stating  that  such  person  may  be  received  under  such 
restrictions,  Avhich  shall  be  specified  in  each  instance,  as  will  prevent 
the  spread  of  the  disease,  provided  such  person  shall  have  agreed  in 
writing  to  comply,  and  does  so  comply,  with  the  restrictions  as 
specified. 

(b)  An}''  pei^on  w^ho  presents  symptoms  of  leprosy,  and  who  is 
traveling  or  who  has  left  the  State  where  he  resides  in  violation  of 
the  above  regulations,  shall  be  detained;  and,  if  proved  to  be  a  leper, 
shall  be  i-etumed  to  such  State  or  removed'  to  such  Federal  station  as 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasurj"^  may  designate,  and  the  proper  health 
authorities  notified. 

TRAVEL  OF  DISEASED  PERSONS. 

6.  Except  as  prohibited  in  section  3  and  except  leprosy,  pulmonary 
tuberculosis,  and  venereal  diseases  provided  for  in  other  paragraphs 
of  these  regulations,  common  carriers  shall  not  receive  upon  any  car, 
vessel,  or  conveyeance  operating  in  insterstate  traffic  any  person 
knowm  by  them  to  be  afflicted  with  any  of  the  diseases  enumerated  in 
section  1,  or  any  persons  known  to  be  a  carrier  of  these  diseases,  un- 
less removal  and  entrance  pemaits  have  been  granted  by  the  State  or 
local  health  officers  at  the  places  of  dejiarture  and  arrival,  and  unless 
sudi  person  is  placed  in  a  compartment  separate  from  other  pas- 
sengers, is  accompanied  by  a  properly  qualified  nurse  or  other  at- 
tendant, and  unless  such  nurse  or  attendant  has  pledged  himself  or 


7 

herself  in  writing,  to  the  comnMm  carrier,  to  comply  with  the  follow- 
ing:^ regulations,  and  does  so  comply,  while  in  transit : 

(a)  Communication  with  the  compartment  mtliin  which  the  pa- 
tient is  traveling  shall  be  restricted  to  the  minimum  consistent  with 
the  proper  care  and  safety  of  the  patient. 

(6)  All  dishes  and  utensils  used  by  the  patient  en  route  shall  be 
placed  in  a  5  per  cent  solution  of  carbolic  acid  or  other  fluid  of 
equivalemt  disinfecting  value  f^  at  least  one  koaar  after  they  have 
been  used  and  before  l?eing  allowed  to  leave  the  compartment. 

(c)  All  sputum  and  nasal  discharges  from  the  patient  shall  be  re- 
ceived in  gauze  or  paper,  which  shall  be  deposited  in  a  paper  hag  or 
in  a  closed  vessel  and  shall  be  destroyed  by  burning,  or  disinfected 
by  immersing  for  at  least  one  hour  in  a  5  per  cent  solution  of  car- 

jbolic  acid  or  other  solution  of  equivalent  disinfecting  value. 

(d)  Said  nurse  or  attendant  shall,  after  i>erforming  any  service  to 
tlie  patient,  at  once  cleanse  the  hands  by  washing  tliem  in  a  2  per 
cent  solution  of  Kjai^bolie  acid  or  ©ther  fluid  of  equivalent  disinfecting 
value. 

(e)  In  the  case  of  a  person  afflicted  with  typhoid  fever,  para- 
typhoid fever,  or  dysentery,  the  nurse  or  attendant  shall  pledge  him- 
self or  herself  in  writing,  to  the  common  can'ier,  to  comply  with  the 
following  regulations  while  in  transit,  in  addition  to  (a)  ,(&),(<?),  and 
{d)  oi  this  section : 

1.  All  urine  and  feces  of  the  patient  shall  be  received  into 
a  5  per  cent  solution  of  carbolic  acid  or  other  fluid  of  equivalent 
disinfecting  value,  placed  in  a  covered  vessel,  thoroughly  mixed, 
and  allowed  to  stand  for  at  least  two  hours  after  the  last  addi- 
tion thereto  before  being  burned,  destroyed,  or  emptied. 

2.  A  sheet  of  rubber  or  other  impervious  material  shall  be 
carried  and  shall  l>e  s^^read  between  the  sheet  and  the  mattress 
of  any  bed  that  may  be  used  by  the  patient  while  in  transit. 

3.  Said  nurse  or  attendant  shall  use  all  necessary  precau- 
tions to  prevent  the  access  of  flies  to  the  patient  or  his  discharges. 

4.  Provided,  That  if  a  person  with  typhoid,  parat^-phoid, 
or  dysentei-y  is  presented  at  a  railway  station  in  ignorance  of 
these  regulations  and  his  transportation  is  necessary  as  a  life- 
saving  or  safe-guarding  meas-ure,  an  emergency  may  be  declared, 
fmd  the  patient  may  be  carried  u  reasonable  distance  in  a  bag- 
gage car  if  accompanied  by  an  attendant  responsible  for  his 
care  and  removal:  Provided  also,  That  regulations  (a),  {&), 
(c),  {d),  and  (e)  of  this  section  shall  be  complied  with  in  so  far 
as  the  circumstances  will  allow,  and  that  all  bedding,  clothing, 
rags,  or  cloths  used  by  the  patient  shall  be  removed  with  him : 
And  provided  further,  That  amy  parts  of  the  car  which  have 
become  contaminated  by  any  discharges  of  the  patient  shall  be 


8 

disinfected  as  soon  as  practicable,  but  not  later  than  the  end 
of  the  run,  by  washing  with  a  5  per  cent  solution  of  carbolic 
acid  or  other  fluid  of  equivalent  disinfecting  value. 

TRAVEL  OF  TUBERCULOUS  PERSONS. 

7.  Common  carriers,  their  agents  or  emploj-ees,  shall  not  receive 
for  interstate  transportation  any  person  known  by  them  to  be 
afflicted  with  pulmonary  tuberculosis  in  a  communicable  stage  unless 
said  i^erson  is  provided  with  (a)  a  sputum  cup  made  of  impervious 
material  and  so  constructed  as  to  admit  of  being  tightly  closed  when 
not  in  use;  (?>)  a  sufficient  supply  of  gauze,  papers,  or  similar  articles 
of  the  proper  size  to  cover  the  mouth  and  nose  while  coughing  or 
sneezing;  (c)  a  heavy  paper  bag  or  other  tight  container  for  receiv- 
ing the  soiled  gauze,  paper,  or  similar  articles;  and  unless  such 
person  shall  obligate  himself  to  use  the  articles  provided  for  in  the 
manner  intended,  and  to  destroy  said  articles  by  burning  or  to 
disinfect  them  by  immersing  for  at  least  one  hour  in  a  5  per  cent 
solution  of  carbolic  acid  or  other  solution  of  equivalent  disinfecting 
value  in  a  coA-ered  vessel. 

TRAVEL  OF  VENEREALLY   INFECTED   PERSONS. 

8.  (a)  Any  person  infected  with  syphilis,  gonorrhea,  or  chancroid 
who  wishes  to  engage  in  interstate  travel  must  first  obtain  a  permit, 
in  writing,  from  the  local  health  officer  under  whose  jurisdiction  he 
resides.  This  permit  shall  state  that,  in  the  opinion  of  the  health 
officer,  such  travel  is  not  dangerous  to  the  public  health. 

(b)  Any  person  infected  with  syphilis,  gonorrhea,  or  chancroid 
who  wishes  to  change  his  residence  from  one  State  to  another  must 
first  obtain  his  release,  in  writing,  from  the  local  health  officer.  He 
shall  inform  the  local  health  officer  as  to  the  place  where  he  intends 
to  reside,  and  shall  agree,  in  writing,  to  report  in  person  to  the  proper 
health  officer  within  one  week  after  arrival  at  his  new  residence.  It 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  health  officer  who  issues  the  release  to 
promptly  notify  the  health  officer  under  whose  jurisdiction  the  in- 
fected person  is  to  enter  of  its  issue.  This  release  shall  contain  the 
name  and  address  of  the  infected  person.  The  receiving  health  officer 
shall,  in  turn,  report  the  arrival  of  the  infected  person  to  the  health 
officer  who  issued  his  release  and  notify  the  State  health  officer  of 
his  State  that  a  person  infected  with  venereal  disease  has  entered  his 
jurisdiction. 

(c)  Any  person  infected  with  syphilis,  gonorrhea,  or  chancroid 
who  wishes  to  engage  in  interstate  travel  or  change  his  residence  shall 
agree  to  continue  treatment  under  the  direction  of  a  reputable  phy- 
sician until  the  health  officer,  or  his  accredited  representative,  shall 


have  complied  with  the  State  board  of  health  requirements  for  re- 
lease of  venereally  infected  persons. 

SUGGESTED  FORMS. 
1.  Pebmit  to  Engage  in  Interstate  Travel. 

This  is  to  certify  that,  in  my  opinion, may 

(Name  of  patient.) 

engage  in  interstate  travel  without  endangering  the  public  health. 

(Health  officer.) 
(Town.)  (^State.) 

2.  Permit  to  Change  Residence. 

Permission  is  hereby  granted to  change  his 

( Name  of  patient. ) 

residence   from   ,   ,   to    

(Town.)  (State.)  (Town.) 


(State.) 

(Health  officer.) 
^( Town 7)  ~~'    ~        ~ "state.)" 

3.  Request  for  Change  of  Residence. 
I, ,  desire  to  change  my  residence  from 


(Town.) 

,  to ,  I  hereby 

(State.)                                         (Town.)  (State.) 
acknowledge  that  I  am  infected  with and  agree  to  report  my  con- 
dition  to   the   local   health   officer   at   within   one   week   after  my 

arrival. 

I  further  agree  to  continue  treatment  for under  the  direction 

of  a  competent  physician  until  I  shall  have  been  released  by  the  health  officer. 

(Signed)  :. 

4.  Notice  of  Release. 


(Place.) 
(Date.) 


John  Doe, 

Health  Officer, 


(Town.)  (State.) 

This  is  to  inform   you  ihat ,   who  formerly   resided  at 

,  ,  is  infected  with He 

(Town.)  (State.) 

has  this  day  secured  his  release  from  this  office  and  declared  his  intention  to 

change  his  residence  to , He  has 

(Town.)  (State.) 

agreed  to  report  to  you  within  one  week  after  arrival. 


(Health    officer.) 
52652°— 21 2 


10 

5.  Notice  of  Report. 


John    Doe, 

Healih  Officer, 


(Place.) 
"(Dau'.T' 


(Town.) 
This  i.s  to  inform  you  tliat ,  who  formerly  resided  at 

,   ,   reported   at  this   ofiiee  on   and 

(Datp.) 

Jiad  placed] 
{Stated   that  he  is  iiiferled  with He  or         ihlmself  under  the 

.  will  place  J 
care  of  Doctor ,  of . 

(Health    officer.) 

SICK    PASSENGER    EN    ROUTE. 

9.  In  the  event  of  the  appearance  of  an}'  disease  mentioned  in  sec- 
tion 1,  with  the  exception  of  tuberculosis  and  venereal  diseases,  in 
any  person  aboard  any  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  conveyance  operating 
in  interstate  traffic,  the  common  carrier  shall  at  once  isolate  the  sick 
person  and  remove  him  from  the  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  conveyance 
at  the  first  convenient  place  at  which  reasonable  provision  may  be 
had  for  the  protection  of  the  patient  and  the  public  health,  and  shall 
immediately  notify  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service  and  the  State  and  local  health  officer  of  the  place  at 
■which  the  person  was  removed  from  such  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  con- 
veyance. 

(a)  In  accordance  with  the  foregoing  paragraph,  a  yellow-fever 
case,  occurring  en  route,  shall  l>e  isolated  in  a  compartment  so 
screened  as  to  prevent  the  entrance  or  exit  of  mosquitoes,  or  their 
acce.'.s  to  the  patient;  and  the  patient  shall  not  be  disembarked  in 
infectible  territory  unless  thoroughly  protected  from  mosquitoes, 
and  unless  permission  for  such  disembarkation  has  been  obtained 
from  the  State  and  local  health  officials  having  jurisdiction  over  the 
place  of  disembarkation. 

CONVEYANCES  VACATED  BY  INFECTED  PERSONS. 

10.  Immediately  after  vacation  by  a  person  having  any  of  the 
diseases  mentioned  in  section  1,  with  the  exception  of  pulmonary 
tuberculosis  and  venereal  diseases,  any  berth,  compartment,  or  state- 
room should  be  closed  and  not  again  occupied  luitil  properly  cleaned 
and  disinfected,  and  all  bedding,  blankets,  and  linen  in  any  such  space 
should  be  laundered  or  otherwise  thoroughly  cleaned  and  disinfected 
before  beinjr  afjain  used. 


11 

(a)  In  regard  to  a  yellow-ftn-er  case,  the  compartment  vacated 
by  the  patient  shall  be  fumigated  immediately  upon  disembarkation 
of  patient  in  such  manner  as  to  insure  the  complete  destruction  of 
all  mosquitoes  contained  therein. 

CARS  FROM   YELLOW-FEVER  LOCALITIES. 

11.  Common  carriers  shall  neither  cause,  permit,  nor  allow  to  be 
hauled,  removed,  or  transferred  in  interstate  traffic  any  car,  vessel, 
vehicle,  or  conveyance  from  a  locality  in  which  yellow  fever  pre- 
vails, unless  there  has  been  obtained  from  the  Surgeon  General  of 
the  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  or  his  accredited  repre- 
sentative, a  certificate  stating  that  said  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  con- 
veyance has  been  fumigated  to  destroy  mosquitoes,  or  has  been  so 
safeguarded  as  to  prevent  the  entrance  of  mosquitoes. 

TRANSPORTATION   OF  THINGS  EXPOSED   TO   INFECTION. 

12.  No  person,  firm,  or  corporation  shall  offer  for  use  or  shipment 
in  interstate  traffic,  and  no  common  carrier  shall  use  or  accept  for 
shipment,  or  transport  in  intei"state  traffic,  any  article  or  thing  known 
to  have  been  unduly  exposed  to  or  in  intimate  contact  with  the 
contagion  or  infection  of  any  of  the  diseases  enumerated  in  section 
1,  unless  a  certificate  has  previously  been  obtained  from  the  proper 
health  authority  ^  stating  that  the  article  or  thing  has  been  sterilized, 
pasteurized,  or  otherwise  treated  in  such  manner  as  to  insure  the 
article  is  free  from  the  danger  of  conveying  contagion  or  infection 
and,  in  the  case  of  yellow  fever,  Rocky  Mountain  sx^otted  or  tick 
fever,  or  typhus  fever,  free  from  mosquitoes,  ticks,  or  lice. 

(a)  All  articles  of  food  or  drink  for  the  use  of  passengers  travel- 
ing in  interstate  traffic  shall  be  so  handled  and  stored  as  to  prevent 
contamination  with  said  contagion  or  infection. 

(6)  After  notification  in  writing  by  the  proper  health  author- 
ities, common  carriers  shall  not  use  or  transport,  or  accept  for  trans- 
portation, in  interstate  traffic,  milk  from  premises  on  which  there 
-exists  a  case  of  cholera,  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria,  epidemic  sore  throat, 
typhoid  fever,  or  paratyphoid  fever  unless  said  milk  is  accompanied 
by  a  certificate  that  it  has  been  properly  pasteurized  under  official 
supervision. 

TRANSPORTATION  OF  OYSTERS  AND  CLAMS. 

13.  After  notification  in  writing  by  the  proper  authorities,  com- 
mon carriers  shall  not  use  or  transport,  or  accept  for  transportation 

1  The  term  "  proper  health  authority  "  shall  he  construed  to  mean  the  health  officer 
within  whose  Jurisdiction  the  article  or  thing  originates,  or,  during  the  presence  of  epi- 
demic, the  officer  in  charge  of  the  measures  to  prevent  the  spread  of  same. 


12 

in  interstate  traffic,  any  03'sters,  clams,  or  other  shellfish  which  have 
been  grown,  fattened,  or  handled  in  such  a  way  as  to  render  them 
liable  to  become  accents  in  the  interstate  spread  of  disease,  and  the 
Surgeon  (leneral  of  the  Ignited  States  Public  Health  Service  shall 
from  time  to  time  cause  sanitary  inspections  to  be  made  by  officers 
of  the  Public  Health  Service  of  beds  used  for  growing  or  fattening 
oysters,  clams,  or  other  shellfish  and  of  shucking  houses  and  other 
similar  places  in  which  oysters,  clams,  or  other  shellfish  are  shucked 
or  otherwise  prepared  for  intei-state  shipment,  and  he  may  forbid 
the  interstate  shipment  of  any  such  oysters,  clams,  or  other  shellfish 
which  are  produced  or  handled  in  a  manner  which  will  render  them 
liable  to  become  agents  for  the  interstate  spread  of  disease. 

TRANSPORTATION  OF  SHAVING  OR  LATHER  BRUSHES. 

14.  No  person,  firm,  or  corporation  shall  offer  for  shipment  in 
interstate  traffic,  and  no  common  carrier  shall  accept  for  shipment  or 
transport  in  interstate  traffic  any  shaving  brush  or  lather  brush  unless 
manufactured  in  accordance  with  the  following  regulations: 

(a)  Shaving  brushes  or  lather  brushes  shall  be  made  only  from 
hair  or  bristles  known  to  be  free  from  anthrax  spores. 

(h)  Unless  hair  or  bristles  are  known  to  be  free  from  anthrax 
spores  before  such  bristles  are  made  up  into  shaving  or  lather 
brushes,  their  disinfection  shall  be  accomplished  by  one  of  the  fol- 
lowing methods:  (a)  By  boiling  the  hair  or  bristles  for  not  less  than 
three  hours;  {l>)  by  exposing  the  hair  or  bristles  to  steam  under  not 
less  than  15  pounds  gauge  pressure  for  no  less  than  30  minutes  with 
preliminary  vacuum  of  not  less  than  10  inches  before  turning  on  the 
steam;  {c)  bj'  exposure  to  streaming  steam  for  not  less  than  six 
hours. 

(<?)  All  shaving  or  lather  brushes  shall  be  permanently  marked 
with  the  name  of  the  manufacturer  or  with  a  registered  trade-mark 
in  order  to  insure  identification  of  the  manufacturer  and  enforcement 
of  these  regulations. 

SHIPMENT   OF  ANIMALS  FROM   ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   SPOTTED 
FEVER   LOCALITIES. 

15.  During  the  period  beginning  March  15  and  ending  June  15  of 
each  year,  common  carriers  shall  not  accept  for  interstate  shipment, 
and  no  person  shall  offer  for  interstate  shipment,  any  cattle,  horses, 
sheep,  goats,  elk,  deer,  or  hogs  originating  in  a  locality  where  Rocky 
Mountain  spotted  fever  is  known  to  exist,  unless  said  shipment  is 
accomi)anied  by  a  certificate  from  a  Federal,  State,  or  local  health 
authority,  or  an  inspector  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  of  the 


13 

United  States  Department  of  Agricultui'e,  or  a  State  veterinarian 
or  his  deputy,  setting  forth  that  the  said  animals  are  free  of  all 
wood  ticks,  or  have  been  freed  thereof  by  hand  picking,  spraying,  or 
dipping  in  a  disinfectant  solution  of  sufficient  strength  and  for  a  suffi- 
cient time  to  kill  all  ticks  attached  to  the  said  animals,  such  hand 
picking,  spraying,  or  dipping  to  be  accomplished  immediately  prior 
to  leaving  the  infected  territoi-y. 

PREVENTION   SPREAD   OF  PLAGUE. 

.16.  In  the  event  of  the  appearance  of  human  or  rodent  plague  in 
any  port  or  place  within  the  United  States,  the  Surgeon  General  of 
the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  shall  establish  such  out- 
going quarantine  measures  as  will,  in  his  opinion,  prevent  the  intro- 
duction of  the  disease  into  another  State  or  Territory  or  the  District 
of  Columbia:  Provided^  That  freight  which  is  known  to  have  origi- 
nated in  rat- free  warehouses,  docks,  or  wharves,  in  rat-proof,  rat-free 
cars,  vessels,  vehicles,  or  conveyances,  may  be  granted  pratique  for 
interstate  transportation  when  so  certified  by  the  Surgeon  General  of 
the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  or  his  accredited  representa- 
tive. 

NOTIFICATION    OF    QUARANTINABLE    DISEASES. 

17.  Officers  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  and  State,^ 
Territorial,  and  other  health  authorities  who  will  undertake  to  en- 
force the  interstate  quarantine  regulations,  as  provided  by  section  3 
of  the  interstate  quarantine  laAv  approved  February  15,  1893,  shall 
notify  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Serv- 
ice immediately,  by  telegraph  and  letter,  upon  the  occurrence  of  a 
case  of  cholera,  yellow  fever,  typhus  fever,  or  plague  and  shall  render 
monthly  reports  as  to  the  prevalence  of  other  diseases  notifiable  in 
their  respective  jurisdictions. 

(«)  In  the  event  of  a  sudden  increase  in  the  number  of  cases  of 
smallpox,  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria,  typhoid  fever,  poliomyelitis  (in- 
fantile paralysis),  epidemic  cerebrospinal  meningitis.  Rocky  Moun- 
tain spotted  or  tick  fever,  or  epidemic  septic  sore  throat  in  any 
locality,  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health 
Service  shall  be  immediately  notified  by  telegraph  and  letter  of  such 
unusual  outbreak  or  sudden  increase  by  the  officer  and  [authorities 
mentioned  in  the  preceding  paragraph. 

INTERSTATE  SANITARY   OFFICERS. 

18  Officers  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  shall  co- 
operate with  State,  municipal,  and  other  health  authorities  in  the 


M 

execution  of  their  regulations,  as  provided  by  section  3  of  the  act  of 
February  15,  1893,  and  shall  enforce  these  regulations  and  collect 
epidemiological  and  sanitary  infoiination  and  perform  siicli  other 
duties  in  such  manner  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  approve. 

WATER  SUPPLIES. 

WATER  FOR  PASSENGERS. 

19.  Water  provided  by  any  person,  firm,  company,  or  corporation 
for  driid^ing  or  culinary  purjjoses  on  any  car,  vessel,  or  other  con- 
veyance while  engaged  in  interstate  traffic  shall  be  from  a  source 
Avhidi  is  api)roveil  by  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  as  producing  water  of  satisfactory  sanitaiy 
quality  and  safety. 

(a)  Certificates  for  water  supplies  used  for  the  aforesaid  purposes 
shall  be  procured  from  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  and 
filed  by  the  common  carrier,  whether  person,  firm,  company,  or  corpo- 
i-ation,  whenever  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service  may  direct,  but  not  less  often  than  semiannually,  in 
March  and  September :  Provided,  That  where  such  water  supplies  are 
under  the  adequate  supervision  of  the  respective  State  departments  of 
health,  certificates  may  be  required  but  once  annually,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health 
Ser\ice. 

(h)  Certificates  concerning  the  safety  and  sanitary  quality  of  such 
water  shall  be  based  upon  its  relative  freedom  from  contamination, 
or  exposure  to  contamination,  by  microorganisms  and  substances  rec- 
ognized as  harmful  or  deleterious  to  the  consumer's  health  or  liable 
to  spread  infectious  or  contagious  disease,  as  determined  through  a 
survey  of  the  sanitary  conditions  under  wliicli  tlie  supply  is  produced 
and  the  results  of  bacteriological  and  chemical  analysis  of  samples 
of  the  water.  In  making  such  determinations,  survey  and  labora 
toiy  methods  Avhich  are  acceptable  to  the  Surgeon  General  of  the 
United  States  Public  Health  Service  shall  l^e  followed. 

(c)  Certificates  for  water  supplies  may  be  prepared  by  the  re- 
spective State  departments  of  health  having  juris<liction  over  the 
sources  of  supply  or  by  officers  of  the  United  States  Public  Health 
Service,  and  are  to  be  forwarded  to  the  Surgeon  General  of  the 
TTnited  States  Public  Health  Service  for  ajiproval. 

(d)  Common  carriers  whether  persons,  firms,  comi^anies,  or  cor- 
]>orations,  providing  water  from  approved  supplies  shall  cause  such 
water  to  be  handled  from  the  source  of  suj)ply  to  the  doJivery  to 
consumers  in  such  manner  that  the  safety  or  sanitary  quality  of 
such  water  shall  not  be  impaired.     Water  cooled  for  drinking  pur- 


15 

poses  shall  be  cooled  in  such  manner  that  ice  can  not  come  into 
contact  with  such  water." 

(e)  Water  coolere  and  containers  shall  be  cleansed  at  least  once 
in  each  week  while  in  use.  The  storage  tanks  for  water  for  drink- 
ing and  culinary  purposes  shall  be  drained  and  flushed  regularly. 
Scrubbing  of  the  interior  of  storage  tanks  on  vessels,  or  the  en- 
trance into  them  for  purposes  other  than  repairing  is  forbidden. 

(/)  Certificates  of  inspection  covering  the  methods  of  obtaining, 
purifying,  and  distributing  water  supplies  for  drinking  and  culinary 
purposes  on  vessels  shall  be  procured  from  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Sendee  and  filed  by  the  common  carrier  whenever  the  Sur- 
geon General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  may  direct, 
but  in  any  case  not  less  often  than  once  a  year, 

(g)  Portable  hose  or  tubing  that  is  used  for  filling  drinking-water 
containers,  or  storage  tanks  from  which  such  containers  are  filled, 
shall  have  metal  nozzles  with  a  smooth  surface,  which  shall  be 
protected  from  dirt  and  contamination,  and  before  the  free  end 
or  nozzle  of  said  hose  or  tubing  is  put  into  the  water  container  or 
storage  tank  it  shall  be  flushed  and  washed  by  a  plentiful  stream 
of  water. 

(h)  The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  also  apply  to  vessels 
plying  between  foreign  ports  on  or  near  the  frontiers  of  the  United 
States  and  adjacent  ports  in  the  United  States. 

WATER  AT  STATIONS. 

20.  Where  water  is  supplied  for  the  use  of  patrons,  employees, 
or  others  at  stations  and  a  report  is  received  from  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  that  such  supply  is  unsatisfactory  or  ques- 
tionable as  to  safety  and  purity,  the  further  use  of  such  water  at 
stations  will  depend  upon  the  character  of  certificate  issued  by  the 
United  States  Public  Health  Service. 

SANITATION  OF  CARS  AND  VESSELS. 
GENERAL   SANITARY   CONDITIONS. 

21.  All  cars,  vessels,  vehicles,  or  conveyances  while  engaged  in 
intei-state  traffic  shall  be  maintained  at  all  times  in  a  clean  and  sani- 
tary condition, 

(a)  Common  carriers  shall  not  permit,  or  cause,  either  the  brush- 
ing of  passengers'  clothing  in  the  body  of  any  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or 
other  conveyance  operating  in  interstate  traffic,  or  the  cleaning  by 
dry  sweeping  with  an  ordinary  broom,  or  by  dry  dusting,  while  the 
same  is  occupied  by  passengers. 

(5)  Such  equipment  shall  be  cleaned  thoroughly  at  intervals  of 
not  more  than  seven  days,  the  cleaning  to  consist  of  scrubbing  the 


16 

exposed  floors  with  soap  and  water;  similarly  scrubbinw  the  toilets 
and  toilet-room  floors;  wipinjr  down  the  woodwork  with  moist  or 
oiled  cloths ;  thoroii<^li  dusting:  of  upholstery  and  carpets  by  beating 
and  brushing;,  or  by  means  of  the  vacuum  j^rocess  or  compressed  air; 
washing  or  otherwise  cleaning  windows;  and  thorough  airing. 

(<?)  AVhen  offensive  odors  appear  in  toilets  or  other  parts  of  the 
car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  conveyance  used  in  interstate  traffic  which  are 
not  obliterated  and  removed  by  cleaning,  as  in  paragraph  (&),  said 
toilets  or  other  parts  shall  be  treated  with  a  1  per  cent  solution  of 
formaldehyde  or  other  odor-destroying  substance. 

(d)  WTien  a  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  conveyance  used  in  interstate 
traffic  is  known  to  liave  become  infested  with  bedbugs,  lice,  fleas,  or 
mosquitoes  it  shall  be  so  treated  as  to  destroy  such  insects  effectively, 
and  it  shall  not  be  used  in  service  until  such  treatment  has  been 
given. 

(e)  The  living  quarters  for  the  personnel  of  vessels  shall  be  fumi- 
gated at  least  once  every  six  months  for  the  extermination  of  insects 
and  vermin,  and  also  upon  the  removal  of  a  case  or  cases  of  any 
insect-borne  disease. 

COMMON  TOWELS. 

22.  Common  carriers  shall  not  provide  in  cars,  vessels,  vehicles,  or 
conveyances  operated  in  interstate  traffic,  or  in  depots,  waiting  rooms, 
or  other  places  used  by  passengers  traveling  from  one  State  or  Terri- 
tory or  the  District  of  Columbia  to  another  State  or  Territory  or  the 
District  of  Columbia,  any  towel  for  use  by  more  than  one  person : 
Provided,  That  towels  may  be  used  again  after  having  been  cleansed 
and  sterilized. 

COMMON  DRINKING  CUP. 

23.  Common  carriers  shall  not  provide  in  cai-s,  vessels,  vehicles, 
or  conveyances  operated  in  interstate  traffic,  or  in  depots,  waiting 
rooms,  or  other  places  used  by  passengers  traveling  from  one  State 
or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  to  another  State  or  Terri- 
tory or  the  District  of  Columbia,  anj'  drinking  cup,  glass,  or  vessel 
for  common  use :  Provided,  That  this  regulation  shall  not  be  held  to 
preclude  the  use  of  drinking  cup,  glasses,  or  containers  which  are 
thoroughly  cleansed  or  sterilized  after  use  bj^  each  individual,  nor 
shall  it  be  held  to  preclude  the  use  of  sanitary  devices  for  individual 
UKe  only. 

BRUSHING  OF  TEETH. 

24.  Spitting  or  blowing  the  nose  into  or  brushing  the  teeth  over 
wash  basins  in  cars,  vessels,  vehicles,  or  conveyances  operated  in  inter- 
state traffic  is  prohibited.  Separate  basins  for  brushing  the  teeth 
shall  be  provided  in  the  wash  rooms  of  sleeping  cars. 


17 

PREVENTION  OF   SPITTING. 

25.  Common  carriers  by  land  or  water  while  eno^aging  in  com- 
merce between  any  of  the  seA^eral  States  or  Territories  or  the  District 
of  Columbia  shall  take  adequate  measures  b}'^  the  use  of  warning 
signs  or  cuspidors,  or  both,  for  the  prevention  of  the  soiling  of  cars, 
vessels,  vehicles,  or  conveyances  Avith  sputmn.  The  cuspidors  shall 
be  adequate  in  size  and  number,  shall  be  provided  in  all  sleeping  and 
smoking  cars,  compartments,  or  rooms,  and  shall  be  maintained  at 
all  times  in  a  clean  and  sanitary  condition. 

VENTILATION  AND  HEATING. 

26.  All  cars,  vessels,  vehicles,  or  conveyances  operating  for  the 
use  of  passengers  traveling  in  interstate  traffic  shall  be  so  ventilated 
as  to  insure  an  adequate  supply  of  fresh  air  at  all  times,  and  so  heated 
in  cold  weather  as  to  maintain  comfort,  the  temperature  generally 
not  to  exceed  70°  F.,  and  in  sleeping  compartments  or  rooms  not  to 
exceed  60°  F.  at  night  after  passengers  have  retired. 

BEDDING. 

27.  Any  common  carrier,  whether  person,  firm,  or  corporation, 
supplying  sleeping  accommodations  for  passengers  traveling  in 
interstate  traffic  shall  furnish  the  bed,  couch,  or  other  appliance 
used  for  sleeping  purposes  with  clean  sheets  and  pillowcases  which 
have  not  been  used  by  any  other  person  since  last  laundered:  Pro- 
vided^ That  blankets,  pillows,  and  mattresses  which  have  not  been 
used  by  any  person  suffering  from  a  disease  mentioned  in  section 
1,  if  physically  clean  and  fi'ee  from  vermin,  may  be  used  if  they 
are  so  enveloped  as  not  to  come  in  contact  in  any  way  with  any 
occupant  of  such  bed,  couch,  or  other  appliance  for  sleeping  pur- 
poses. 

TOILETS  AND   LAVATORIES. 

28.  Toilets  and  lavatories  on  cars,  vessels,  Aehicles,  or  conve}- 
ances,  including  railway  express  and  baggage  cars,  operating  for 
the  use  of  passengers  or  occupants  traveling  in  interstate  traffic, 
shall  be  of  adequate  size,  design,  and  number  and  shall  be  main- 
tained in  a  clean  and  sanitary  condition.  The  toilets  shall  be  sup- 
plied with  toilet  paper. 

{a)  The  toilet  rooms  in  all  railway  cars  shall  be  locked  or  other- 
wise protected  from  use  while  trains  are  standing  at  stations,  pass- 
ing through  cities,  or  passing  over  watersheds  draining  into  reser- 
voirs furnishing  domestic  water  supplies,  unless  adequate  water- 
tight containers  are  securely  placed  under  the  discharge  pipe.  The 
52652°— 21 3 


18 

State  health  authority  havinjr  jurisdiction  shall  clcsi<inate  the  area 
of  watersheds  that  may  be  affected  by  pollution  from  railroads  and 
shall  notify  the  manafrincr  officers  of  railroads  as  to  the  points 
between  which  all  toilets  shall  be  locked. 

DINING  CARS  AND  DINING  ROOMS. 

29.  All  dinino;  cars,  or  dining  rooms  of  vessels,  sfiall  be  main- 
tained at  all  times  while  in  operation  in  interstate  traffic  in  accord- 
ance with  the  following  requirements,  in  addition  to  the  other 
regulations.  The  words  "  dining  car,  or  dining  room  of  vessel " 
as  used  in  these  regulations  shall  be  held  to  include  all  cars  or 
rooms  of  vessels  in  which  food  is  prepared  or  served. 

(a)  Dining  cars  or  dining  rooms  of  vessels  shall  be  screened 
against  the  entrance  of  flies  or  other  insects,  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  employees  to  destroy  flies  or  other  insects  that  may 
gain  entrance. 

(h)  A  proper  lavatory  with  soap  and  clean  towels  shall  be  pro- 
vided in  all  dining  cars  or  dining  rooms  of  vessels  for  the  use  of 
employees  and  shall  be  kept  in  a  clean  and  sanitary  condition  at 
all  times. 

(c)  Dining-car  or  dining-room  employees  shall  thoroughly  cleanse 
their  hands  by  washing  with  soap  and  water  after  using  a  toilet  or 
urinal  and  immediately  before  beginning  service. 

(d)  All  cooking  table  and  kitchen  utensils,  drinking  glasses,  and 
crockery  used  in  the  preparation  or  serving  of  food  or  drink  in 
dining  cars  or  dining  rooms  of  vessels  shall  be  thoroughly  washed 
in  boiling  water  and  suitable  cleansing  material  after  each  time 
they  are  used. 

(<?)  No  spoiled  or  tainted  food,  whether  cooked  or  uncooked,  shall 
be  served  in  any  .dining  car  or  dining  room  of  vessel,  and  no  milk 
or  milk  products  shall  be  served  unless  the  milk  has  been  pasteurized 
or  boiled. 

(/)  Refrigerators,  food  boxes,  or  other  receptacles  for  the  storing 
of  fresh  food  in  dining  and  buffet  cars,  or  on  vessels,  shall  be  emptied 
and  thoroughly  Avashed  with  soap  and  hot  water  at  least  once  in 
each  seven  days  that  they  are  in  use. 

(f/)  Garbage  cans  in  sufficient  number  and  with  suitable  tight- 
fitting  covers  shall  be  provided  in  dining  cars,  or  on  vessels,  to  care 
for  all  refuse  food  and  other  wastes,  and  such  waetes  shall  not  be 
thrown  from  the  car,  vessel,  vehicle,  or  conveyance  along  the  right 
of  way  within  the  limits  of  cities,  towns,  or  villages,  or  within  drain- 
age areas  furnishing  domestic  water  supplies. 

(^)No  person  shall  serve  as  a  cook,  waiter,  or  in  any  other  capac- 
ity in  the  preparation  or  serving  of  food  in  a  dining  car,  or  on  a 


19 

vessel,  who  is  known  or  suspected  to  have  any  communicable  disease. 
All  persons  employed  for  such  service  shall  undergo  a  physical  ex- 
amination by  a  competent  physician  before  being  assigned  to  service, 
and  before  returning  to  work  after  any  disabling  illness,  and  at  such 
other  times  during  their  service  as  may  be  necessary  to  determine 
their  freedom  from  such  diseases,  and  shall  be  immediately  relieved 
from  service  if  found  to  be  so  afflicted. 

(i)  The  person  in  charge  of  the  dining  car,  or  dining  room  of 
vessel,  shall  be  responsible  for  compliance  with  all  regulations  per- 
taining thereto,  and  he  shall  make  an  inspection  of  the  car  or  room 
each  day  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  a  rigorous  cleanliness  in  all 
portions  thereof. 

SANITATION  OF  STATIONS  AND  CAMPS. 
SANITATION   OF   STATIONS. 

30.  All  stations  used  by  the  traveling  public,  including  waiting 
rooms,  lunch  rooms,  restaurants,  wash  rooms,  and  toilets,  shall  be, 
kept  in  a  clean  and  sanitary  condition  at  all  times,  to  be  insured 
by  mechanical  cleaning  at  regular  intervals. 

MIGRATORY  WORKERS'   CAMPS. 

31.  Common  carriers,  whether  persons,  firms,  or  corporations  main- 
taining camps  of  migratory  workers,  shall  at  all  times  maintain  such 
camps  in  a  proper  sanitary  condition  and  shall  take  proper  meas- 
ures to  maintain  the  camps  so  occupied  in  a  vermin-free  condition, 
and  shall  exercise  such  other  precautions  as  will  prevent  the  inter- 
state spread  of  disease  from  such  camps,  and  the  Surgeon  General 
may  from  time  to  time  detail  officers  or  employees  of  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service  to  make  such  inspections  as  shall  be 
necessary  for  the  enforcement  of  this  regulation. 


APPENDIX  A. 

CERTIFICATION    OF   WATER   USED    BY    COMMON    CARRIERS   FOR 
DRINKING  AND  CULINARY  PURPOSES  IN  INTERSTATE  TRAFFIC. 

lNSTRTCTIO>;S    (  OX(  KRMNG    THK    ('ERTTFTCATIOX    OF    WATKR    PROVIDED    l-OR    DRINKING 
AND    CULINARY    USE    BY    COMMON    CARRIERS    ENGAGING    IN    INTERSTATE    TRAFFIC. 

1.  Semiannually,  in  March  and  September,  or  whenever  the  Surj^eon  Gen- 
eral of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  may  direct,  the  sanitary 
quality  and  safety  of  water  supplies  which  are  provided  for  drinking  and 
culinary  pui"poses  in  interstate  traffic  will  be  certifted  through  the  cooperation 
of  the  United  States  Public  Health  ServMce  and  the  respective  State  depart- 
ments of  health. 

2.  Every  common  carrier  required  by  the  interstate  quarantine  regulations 
of  the  United  States  to  procure  approval  from  the  Surgeon  General  of  the 
United  States  Public  Health  Service  for  all  water  supplies  used  by  the  carrier 
for  drinking  and  culinary  purjxises  in  interstate  truinc  shall  semiannually,  in 
January  and  July,  forward  a  list  of  the  supplies,  mentioning  source  and  own- 
ership, and  make  application  for  certificates  for  use  of  such  water,  one  copy 
to  be  sent  to  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service, 
and  one  copy  to  each  State  department  of  health  having  jurisdiction.  After 
receipt  of  such  lists  and  applications,  the  necessary  surveys  and  examinations 
of  such  water  supplies  will  be  made  by  representatives  of  the  State  depart- 
ment of  health  having  jurisdiction,  and  a  certificate  for  each  supply  will  be 
prepared  by  the  State  department  of  health  in  triplicate.  One  copy  will  be 
retained  by  the  State  department  of  health  concerned  and  two  copies  will  be 
forwarded  to  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  I'nited  States  Public  Health  Service 
for  approval.  After  approval  by  the  Surgeon  General,  one  copy  will  be  for- 
warded by  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  to  the  common  carrier  lor 
filing. 

3.  Annually,  or  whenever  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public 
Health  Service  may  direct,  the  water  suijply  systems  furnishing  water  for 
drinking  and  culnary  purpost^s  aboard  vessels  engaged  in  interstate  traffic  will 
be  certified  by  the  United  States  Public  Healtli  Service. 

4.  Vessel  companies  which  are  rtniuired  by  the  interstate  quarantine  regula- 
tions of  tlie  United  States  to  procure  certification  of  water  supply  systems 
shall  in  January-  of  each  year  forward  a  list  in  duplicate  of  all  vessels  and 
make  application  for  certification  of  such  systems  thereon,  one  copy  to  be 
forwarded  to  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service 
and  one  copy  to  be  forwarded  to  each  district  engineer  having  supervision. 
After  the  necessary  exaniinati(m  of  such  a  system  has  been  made  by  a  repn^ 
sentative  of  the  United  Statt's  Public  Health  Service,  a  certificate  of  insix-ction 
will  be  prepare<l  in  triplicate  by  the  di!<trict  engineer  of  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  having  jurisdiction.  One  copy  will  be  retained  by  the 
district  engineer  and  two  copies  Will  be  forwanled  to  the  Surgeon  General  of 
llie  United  States  Public  Health  Service  for  approvnl.     .\fttM-  ni>proviil  by  ilie 

(20) 


21 

Surgeon  General,  one  copy  will  he  forwarded  by  the  United  States  Puhlio 
Health  Service  to  the  vessel  company,  which  shall  post  such  certificate  in  a 
conspicuous  place  aboard  the  vessel  concerned. 

5.  Upon  receipt  of  an  unfavorable  certificate  by  a  common  carrier  the  use 
of  the  water  supply  for  drinking  and  culinary  purposes  in  interstate  traffic 
shall  be  discontinued  immediately.  The  common  carrier  must  advise  the 
Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  without  delay,  that 
the  use  of  the  supply  has  been  discortinued. 

In  the  case  of  vessel  water  systems  for  which  unfavorable  inspection  cer- 
tificates have  been  received  by  the  ves.sel  company,  either  the  improvements 
recommended  shall  be  made  at  once  or  the  condemned  system  shall  be  aban- 
doned immediately.  The  vessel  company  must  advise  the  Surgeon  General  of 
the  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  without  delay,  of  the  action  taken. 

6.  Placards  stating  that  the  use  of  the  unsatisfactory  water  is  forbidden 
will  be  posted  over  taps  at  stations  through  the  State  department  of  health 
having  jurisdiction,  where  unfavorable  c-ertiticates  have  been  forwarded  pro- 
hibiting the  use  of  a  water  supply  by  a  common  carrier  for  drinking  and 
culinary  purposes  in  interstate  traffic.  On  vessels,  similar  placards  will  be 
posted  over  taps  by  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service. 

7.  If  a  new  supply  or  modified  system  be  substituted  for  one  for  which 
an  unfavorable  certificate  has  been  is.sued,  a  certificate  must  be  requested  for 
such  new  supply  or  system  by  the  common  carrier,  who  has  substituted  it  in 
lieu  of  the  condemned  supply  or  sj^stem. 

8.  The  standards  and  methods  for  bacteriological  analysis  of  waters  as 
promulgated  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  are  recommended  in  certifying 
the  average  v\'ater :  Provided,  That  where  the  bacteriological  data  for  a  water 
supply  averages  in  excess  of  these  standards,  a  favorable  certificate  may  be 
forwarded  to  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service 
for  approval  if  the  sanitary  survey  shows  definitely  that  such  excess  is  with- 
out sanitary  significance. 

RECOMMENDATIONS  BEGAEDING  DATA  UPON   WHICH  CEKTIFICATION   IS  BASED. 

1.  In  addition  to  the  certificate  for  each  source  of  supply,  a  report  form  or 
information  blank  should  be  furnished  by  the  State  department  of  health  to 
the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service.  This  infor- 
mation should  include  a  description  of  the  supply,  method  of  development,  and 
findings  as  to  quality  as  determined  by  field  in.spection  and  laboratory  examina- 
tions. Such  information  should  be  supplemented  and  corrected  from  time  to 
time  as  subsequent  data  sheets  and  certificates  are  transmitted. 

2.  In  analytical  procedure,  it  is  recommended  that  the  culture  media  and 
methods  used  shall  be  in  accordance  with  the  specifications  of  the  committee 
on  standard  methods  of  water  analysis  of  the  American  Public  Health  Associa- 
tion, as  set  forth  in  "Standard  Methods  of  Water  Analysis"  (A,  P.  H.  A., 
1920). 

3.  In  furnishing  chemical  data,  the  regional  "  normal ''  content  of  the  sub- 
stances, if  available,  should  also  be  given  in  parentheses,  following  the  reported 
findings,  in  those  cases  where  such  information  is  pertinent. 

4.  In  bacteriological  analysis,  the  following  standards  and  methods  as  pro- 
mulgated by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  October  21.  1914,  are  recom- 
mended for  the  average  supply : 

(1)  The  total  number  of  bacteria  developing  on  standard  agar  plates, 
incubated  24  hours  at  37°  C,  shall  not  exceed  100  per  cubic  centimeter ; 
provided  that  the  estimate  shall  be  made  from  not  less  than  two,  plates, 


22 

showing  such  uunibers  and  distributi<ju  of  colonies   to  indicate   that   the 
estimate  is  reliable  and  accurate. 

(2)  Not  more  than  one  out  of  five  10  c.  c.  portions  of  any  sample 
examineil  shall  show  the  presence  of  organisms  of  the  Bacillus  coU  group 
when  tested  as  follows : 

(a)  Five  10  e.  v.  portions  of  each  sample  tested  shall  be  planted,  each 
in  a  fermentation  tulie  containing  not  less  than  30  c.  c.  of  lactose-peptone 
broth.  These  shall  be  incubated  48  hours  at  37°  C,  and  observed  to  note 
gas  formation. 

(6)  From  each  tube  showing  gas  more  than  5  per  cent  of  the  closed  arm 
of  fermentation  tube,  plates  sliall  be  made  after  48  hours'  incubation  uiK)n 
lactose  litmus  agar  or  Endo's  medium. 

(c)   Wlien  plate  colonies  resembling  B.  coli  develop  upon  either  of  these 

plate  media  within  24  hours,  a  well-isolated  characteristic  colony  shall  be 

tished  and  transplanted  into  a  lactose-broth  fermentation  tube,  which  sliall 

be  incubated  at  37°  C.  for  48  hours. 

For  the  purpose  of  enforcing  any  regulations  which  may  be  based  upon  these 

recommendations  the  following  may  be  considered  sufficient  evidence  of  the 

presence  of  organisms  of  the  BnciUus  coli  group: 

Formation  of  gas  in  fermentation  tube  containing  original  sample  of  water 
(a)  development  of  acid-forming  colonies  on  lactose  litmus  agar  plates  or 
bright  red  coh)nies  on  Endo's  medium  plates,  when  plates  are  prepared  as 
directed  as  above  under  (b). 

The  formation  of  gas,  occupying  10  per  cent  or  more  of  closed  arm  of  fei-men- 
tation  tube,  in  lactose-peptone  broth  fermentation  tube  inoculated  with  colony 
fished  from  24-hour  lactose  litmus  agar  or  Endo's  medium  plate. 

These  steps  are  selected  with  reference  to  demonstrating  the  presence  in  the 
samples  examined  of  aerobic  lactose  fermenting  organisms. 

(5)  It  is  recommended  as  a  routine  procedure,  that  in  addition  to  five  10  c.  c. 
Ix>rtions  one  1  c.  c.  portion  and  one  0.1  c.  c.  portion  of  each  sample  examined 
be  planted  in  a  lactose-peptone  broth  fermentation  tube,  in  order  to  demonstrate 
more  fully  the  extent  of  pollution  in  grossly  polluted  samples. 

Treasury  Department. 
The    Public    Health    Service. 
Washington. 
[Seal.] 

CERTIFICATE   OF    EXAMINATION    OF    WATER   PROVIDEn    FOR    COMMON    CARRIERS 
ENGAGED    IN     INTEaiSTATE    TRAFFIC. 


(Common  ciirricr.)  (Name  of  watering  iK)int,  including  State.) 

» 

(Sourco  and  ownership  of  water  supply.) 


The  availai)le  records  and   data   from  ol)servatioiis  made  indicate  ^that  this 
water  supply  is of  .satisfactory  sanitary  quality  and  .safety  and  there- 


23 

fore  the  present  use  of  tbe  water  for  drinking  and  culinary  purposes  in  in- 
terstate traffic  is permitted. 

Approved  by — 

Burgeon  General,  U.  S.  P.  H.  8. 


(Date.) 
Indorsement  by  State  liealth  department. 


(Name  and  title.) 
(Place. y 


(Date.) 
CONCERNING  DRINKING  AND  COOKING  WATER  ON  VESSELS. 

Treasury   Department, 

March  3,  1921. 
1921. 
Department  Circular  No.  234. 
Public  Heal  til  Service. 

To  owners,  agents,  and  masters  of  vessels  operating  in  interstate  traffic: 

On  and  after  April  15,  1921,  any  person,  firm  or  corporation  operating  ves- 
sels in  interstate  trafiic  or  between  foreign  ports  on  or  near  the  frontiei's  of 
the  United  States  and  adjacent  ports  in  the  United  States  will  be  required  to 
furnish  on  such  vessels  water  for  drinking  or  culinary  purposes  under  one  of 
the  following  conditions : 

(a)   If  water  for  drinking  or  culinary  purposes  is  not  obtained  ashore, 
it  must  be  treated  by  an  approved  method. 

(6)   If  water  for  drinldng  or  culinary  purposes  is  obtained  ashore,   it 
must  be  from  an  approved  source  or  treated  by  an  approved  method. 
On  and  after  April  15,  1921,  the  piping  system  on  all  vessels  must  be  so 
arranged  that  no  connection  can  be  made  between  the  drinking-water  system 
and  any  other  water  system  aboard. 

On  and  after  April  15,  1921,  an  approved  sign,  stating  that  the  water  is 
unfit  to   drink,   must   be  properly  placed   at   every   tap   or  other   outlet   from 
which  water  of  an  unsatisfactory  sanitary  quality  and  safety  may  be  obtained. 
Acknowledgment  of  receipt  of  this  letter  is  requested. 

CIRCULAR    OF    INFORMATION. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  interstate  quarantine  regulations 
of  the  United  States,  relative  to  the  supervision  of  water  supplies  on  ves.sels, 
you  are  requested  to  furnish  the  following  information  in  duplicate,  one  copy 
to  be  forwarded  to  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public  Health  Service,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  and  one  to  the  district  engineer's  office. 

For  each  vessel  under  your  management  kindly  give  (1)  the  name;  (2)  the 
sources  from  which  water  for  drinking  and  culinary  purposes  is  taken,  furnish- 
ing data  as  to  ownership  of  each  supply  and  treatment  processes  employed,  if 


24 

any;  (3)  lists  of  ports  called  at  by  vessel  ami  pier  locations;  (4)  kind  of  serv- 
ice the  vessel  is  eiifia^'ed  in  and  the  navijjating  i>eriod.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  Keneral  uianagi'r  or  other  ollicial  in  charge  of  the  operation  of  tlie  line  is 
to  be  supplied. 

DISTIUCT    CIRCULAR    LKTTKU    NO.    1. 

To  mcncfK,  offcnts,  atvl  mofitcrft  of  i-cssels  operating  in  interstate  traffic: 

For  expediting  the  administrative  details  in  connection  with  department  cir- 
cular No.  234  relative  to  drinking-water  supplies  for  vessels,  two  forms  of  cer- 
tificates have  been  prepared : 

1.  Certificafe  of  cxaminntion  of  xcatcr  provided  hi/  coin  won  carricrn  cnf/npcd 
in  interstate  traffic.     (To  he  filed  at  company  office.) 

This  will  certify  approval  or  disapproval  of  (he  .source  of  supply  ashore  and 
will  not  be  necessary  when  water  is  purified  aboard.  Application  for  this  cer- 
tificate should  be  made  to  the  State  health  otficer. 

2.  Certificate  of  inspection  of  drinkiny-vater  system  on  vessels.  (To  be 
po-sted  on  vessel.) 

This  will  certify  approval  or  disapproval  of  the  system  for  handling,  storing, 
and  distributing  drinking  water  to  and  aboard  vessels;  and  in  case  this  water  is 
inirified  alioanl,  will  include  approval  or  disapproval  of  the  treatment  appa- 
ratus used. 

A  temporary  certificate  of  inspection  of  drinkinf/-irater  .'tpstcms  on  vessels 
will  be  issued  for  any  vessel  on  receipt  of  an  affidavit  signed  by  the  master  of 
this  ves.sel  on  a  form,  waster's  statement  of  drinkinfi-irater  system,  .supplied  by 
the  district  engineer.  The  latter  form  will  be  sent  out  on  receipt  of  data  for 
each  vessel  under  your  management  requested  in  Circular  of  information. 
'  The  regular  cei-tifieate  of  inspectimi  of  drinking-water  systems  on  vessels 
will  be  issued  only  after  an  inspection  of  the  water  system  aboard  by  a  rei)re- 
sentative  from  th(>  district  engineer's  office.  Renewal  of  this  certificate  is  to  be 
obtaine<l  aninially. 

The  following  conditions  or  practices  will  constitute  grounds  for  issuing 
provisional  or  unfavorable  certificates: 

1.  Insanitaiy  handling  of  water  from  sources  of  supply  to  storage  tanks  and 
to  points  of  consumption. 

2.  Existence  of  "by-passes"  around  water  purification  apparatus.  A 
"  physical  "  disconnection  such  as  the  removal  of  short  section  of  pipe  or  an 
equally  effective  measure  will  he  insisted  on.  A  single  or  double-check  valve  in 
the  "  by-pass  "  lines  will  not  be  approved  unless  effectively  sealed.  The  use  of 
"by-passes"  in  emergencies  will  l»e  permitted,  if  emergency  measures  are  taken 
to  sterilize  the  drinking-water  supjily. 

3.  Failure  to  post  warning  signs  over  all  taps,  hydrants,  or  outlets  at  which 
water  other  than  drinking  water  is  available. 

4.  The  use  of  lead  or  lead  compounds  in  the  water  system  aboard. 

5.  Having  other  than  purified  water  available  in  galley  or  kitchen. 

Ti.  Failure  to  maintain  in  cleanly  condition  the  water-storage  tanks  and  the 
water-supply  systems  aboard  vessels. 

DISXniCT    CIRCtlXAK    I.KTTKK    NO.    2. 

To  oirncrs,  agents,  and  masters  of  vessels  operating  in  interstate  traffic: 

Of  the  methods  that  have  been  tested  thus  far,  the  following  have  been  found 
satisfactory  for  disinfecting  aboard  vessels  water  to  be  supplied  for  drinking 
and  culinarj-  purposes  by  carriers  operating  in   interstate  traffic:  Distillation, 


25 

disinfection  by  steam,  and  ultrorviolct  ray  disinfection.  The  following  are 
statements  of  features  of  design  for  these  apparatus  which  must  he  complied 
with  for  approval: 

Stills. — A  still  for  furnishing  drinking  water  on  board  vessels  should  consist 
of  a  boiling  chamber  where  the  heat  is  applied  from  a  steam  coil,  this  coil  so 
arranged  that  it  is  easily  removable  for  cleaning  off  scale ;  a  condensing  cham- 
ber where  the  steam  from  the  boiling  chamber  is  condensed ;  and  a  cooling  coil 
where  the  temperature  of  this  condensed  steam  is  lowered.  The  construction 
of  the  whole  apparatus  should  be  such  that  there  can  be  no  possibility  of  any 
cooling  water  gaining  access  to  the  condensed  steam.  It  will  be  permissible 
to  use  multi-effect  stills  if  desired  for  economic  reasons.  It  will  also  be  per- 
missible to  use  the  condensed  heating  steam  for  supplying  wash  basins.  If  this 
is  done,  the  size  of  the  still  can  be  reduced  one-half,  since  there  is  slightly  more 
condensed  heating  steam  produced  than  distilled  water  in  a  single-effect  still. 

As  a  still  can  operate  at  all  times  under  all  conditions,  it  will  only  be  neces- 
sary to  install  a  still  of  such  a  size  that  twenty-four  hours'  capacity  will  meet 
a  day's  demand,  having  a  storage  tank  large  enough  to  take  care  of  any  heavy 
demand,  such  as  may  occur  for  a  short  time  at  intervals  throughout  the  day. 

Disinfection  by  steam  jet. — With  the  system  for  disinfecting  the  water  supply 
by  heating  with  a  steam  jet,  there  is  the  same  necessity  for  using  care  in  the 
selection  of  the  place  of  taking  on  water  as  where  no  purification  process  is 
used;  therefore  the  apparatus  should  have  a  capacity  great  enough  to  take  on 
an  adequate  supply  within  a  period  of  about  an  hour.  The  apparatus  should 
consist  of  a  pump  or  injector  for  pumping  the  water  and  raising  its  tempera- 
ture ;  a  steam  jet  for  further  increasing  the  temperature  to  220°  F. ;  a  retention 
tank  holding  five  minutes'  supply;  a  thermometer  indicating  the  temperature; 
a  self-recording  thermostat  automatically  controlling  a  waste  valve,  and  a 
valve  leading  into  the  cooling  tank ;  two  test  cocks,  one  on  the  waste  line  and 
one  on  the  line  leading  into  the  cooling  tank ;  a  coil  around  which  cool  water  is 
circulated  for  reducing  the  temperature  of  the  water  to  about  100°  F- 

Ultra-violet  ray  disinfection.^ — ^An  apparatus  for  disinfecting  the  water  sup- 
ply by  means  of  ultra-violet  rays  should  be  of  such  a  capacity  that  the  maximum 
demand  for  one  minute  should  not  exceed  the  capacity  of  the  apparatus  by 
more  than  fifty  per  cent,  and  should  consist  of  the  following  parts :  A  pressure 
regulator,  and  an  orifice,  which  will  prevent  the  rated  capacity  of  the  apparatus 
being  exceeded ;  a  pressure  rapid  sand  filter  of  such  a  size  that  it  will  not  filter 
faster  than  three  gallons  per  square  foot  per  minute ;  an  arrangement  for  caus- 
ing the  water  to  flow  through  the  ultra-violet  rays;  a  quartz  mercury  vapor 
lamp  for  producing  the  ultra-violet  rays,  this  lamp  to  be  operated  on  220  volts ; 
a  device  for  preventing  any  water  passing  the  apparatus  when  the  lamp  is  not 
lighted  and  at  its  maximum  eflaciency,  and  which  will  automatically  light  the 
lamp  when  the  current  is  turned  on;  a  simple  method  for  cleaning  the  quartz 
tube  around  which  the  water  circulates,  and  a  storage  tank  located  on  an  upper 
deck  for  taking  care  of  any  excess  in  heavy  demands,  which  may  occur  for  a 
few  minutes  at  a  time,  and  for  meeting  the  demand  whenever  the  lamp  is  out ; 
it  will  also  be  necessary  for  an  extra  lamp  to  be  carried,  in  order  to  avoid  hav- 
ing the  apparatus  out  of  commission  in  case  of  accidental  breakage  of  a  lamp. 
It  is  essential  that  a  voltmeter  be  in  the  circuit  to  check  the  voltage  across  the 
lamp. 


1  Efficient  hand-tilting  apparatus  for  lamps  will  also  Ik"  approved. 


26 

I  Form  8963-A.l 
Tbeastjry    Depaetmewt, 

UNi'n':D  Statks  Pitbijc  Health  SE«^^CE, 

CERTIFICATE  OF   INSl'KCTIO.V    OF   DKINKINO-WATKlt  8YSTEM8    ON    VESSELS. 

Name  of  vess^el Comimny Address 

192__ 

An  inspection  of  the  system  for  supplying  water  for  drinking  and  fulinury 

inirposes  on  the  above-named  vessel  made  by 

on ,  192 ,  showed  tlie  water  to  be  obtained  from 


The  water  is  purified  aboard  as  follows : 


The   storiige    and    distribution    system  i      .       i  properly    installer!    and    con- 

...  ,  -.1  ^ii*'  iit)t 

nected  so  as  to  prevent  contamination  of  the  dnnkmg  water  siipf)ly,  andj 

adequate  provisions  for  regular  cleaning. 

The  average  results  of  tlie  bacteriological  analyses  of samples 

taken  during  the  period to ,  indicated 

tlie  average  B.  coli  content  of  this  water  to  be per  100  c.  c,  and  the 

total  content  of  37°  C.  bacteria  to  be per  c.  c.     Samples  are  collected 

every days. 

The  average  results  of  the  chemical  analyses  of samples  taken  during 

the  period to are  as  follows: 


The  inspection  indicates  this  water-supply  system  i  Uo  installed  and 

connected  that  with  careful  operation  a  water  of  satisfactory  sanitary  quality 

and  safetv^'    ."*^  >be  supplied  to  consumers,  and  its  user^."^  i  i)ennitted. 
will     J  l     ^s     J 

This  certificate  shall  be  posted  in  a  prominent  place  on  the  bojit 

burgeon  General,  U.  8.  Public  HecUth  Service. 
Enffineer. 


(Form   80G3-B.1 

Tbeasx'ry  Depabtment, 
United  States  Pvm.ic  ITe.\i,th  Service. 

TEMPORARY    CERTIFICATE   OF   INSPECTION    OK    DRINKING    WATER    SYSTEMS   ON    VESSELS. 

Name  of  vessel Company   Address 

This  temporary  certificate  of  in.spection  of  the  drinking  water  system  of  the 
above-named  vessel  is  issued  in  lieu  of  the  regular  certificate,  on  the  sworn 
statement  of  the  master  of  the  vessel ,  192    ,  relative  to  said  drink- 


27 

ing  waster  system.  It  shall  remain  in  force  not  to  exceed  one  year  from  date 
of  issue  and  is  to  be  returned  to  the  Bureau  of  the  Public  Health  Service  upon 
expiration  or  when  replaced  by  regular  certificate. 

The  use  of  the  drinking  water  system  under  the  conditions  stated  in  the 
master's  statement  is  permitted. 

This  temporary  certificate  shall  be  conspicuously  placed  on  the  vessel. 


Surgeon  General, 
U.  8.  Public  Health  Service. 


District  Engineer. 
,  192 


[Foi-m  8963-C.] 

Treasuby  Department, 

United  States  Public  Health  Service. 

master's  statement  of  drinking  water  system. 

Vessel  company Name  of  vessel Owner  or  agent 

The  undersigned  hereby  certifies  that  a  complete  inspection  was  made  on 

,  192    ,  of  the  system  aboard  the  above-named  vessel  for  treating, 

storing,  and  distributing  water  to  be  used  for  drinking  and  culinary  purposes ; 
that  the  apparatus  for  purifying  water  treated  aboard  has  been  properly  in- 
stalled and  connected;  that  the  necessary  control  appliances  are  in  operating 
condition;  that  all  by-passes  around  the  treatment  processes  and  all  cross 
connections  with  other  than  drinking  water  systems  have  been  physicially  dis- 
connected ;  that  warning  "signs  have  been  posted  over  all  conveniently  available 
sources  of  other  water;  that  no  hydrants  or  water  connections  from  systems 
other  than  for  drinking  water  are  located  Avithin  the  kitchen;  and  that  the 
drinking  water  supply  aboard  is  so  handled  as  not  to  impair  its  sanitary  quality 
or  safety. 


State  of- 


Subscribed  and before  me  this day  of- 

( Sworn  to  or  affirmed.) 
192     ,  by ,  master  of  S.  S 


APPENDIX  B. 


DISINFECTANTS.! 

liurnivg. — Applicable  to  articles  not  worth  conservative  treatment. 

fioilinf/. — Very  eflicient  and  of  ^^i(le  range  of  applicability.  The  articles  must 
be  wholly  immersed  for  not  less  than  10  minutes  in  water  actually  boiling 
(212"  F.).  The  addition  of  1  per  cent  of  carbonate  of  soda  renders  the  process 
applicable  to  polished  steel,  cutting  instruments,  or  tools  (articles  of  aluminum 
excpptetl ) . 

Steam-. —  (a)  Flowing  steam  (not  under  pressure)  when  applied  under  suitable 
conditi«ms  is  an  efficient  disinfecting  agent.  The  exposure  must  be  continued 
30  minutes  after  the  temperature  has  reached  212°  F. 

(ft)  Steam  under  pressure  in  a  special  apparatus  without  preliminary 
vacuum  will  disinfect,  provided  the  process  is  continued  20  minutes  after  the 
pressure  reaches  15  pounds  per  square  inch.  The  air  must  be  expelled  from 
the  apparatus  at  the  beginning  of  the  process.  If  impracticable  to  obtain  the 
designated  pressure,  a  longer  exposure  will  accf>mplish  the  same  result. 

(r)  Steam  under  pressure  tcith  preliminary  vacuum. — An  autoclave  with 
vacuum  attachment  is  the  best  apparatus  for  applying  steam  under  pressure. 
The  vacuum  attachment  is  used  to  remove  the  air,  thus  promoting  the  penetra- 
tion of  the  steam.  A  partial  vacuum  of  15  inches  (mercury)  is  first  produced. 
Steam  is  then  admitted  and  the  pressure  raised  to  10  pounds  to  the  square  inch. 
This  pressure  is  maintained  for  20  minutes.  The  production  of  the  second 
vacuum  removes  the  steam  and  facilitates  drying. 

Articles  liable  to  be  injured  by  steam,  such  as  leather,  furs,  skins,  rubber, 
trunks,  valises,  hats,  and  caps,  bound  books,  silks,  and  woolens  should  not  be 
disinfected  by  steam.  Such  articles  should  be  disinfected  liy  formaldehyde 
gas  or  by  any  of  the  agents  allowed  in  these  regulations  which  may  be  applicable 
thereto.  Those  which  will  be  injured  by  wetting  should  be  disinfected  by  a 
ga.seous  agent. 

Clothing,  textiles,  and  baggage,  clean  and  in  good  condition,  but  suspected  of 
harboring  infection,  can  be  efficiently  and  least  injuriously  disinfected  by 
formaldehyde  gas. 

GASEOUS    DISINFECTANTS. 

Gaseous  disinfectants  are  applied  proportionately  to  the  cubic  capacity  of  the 
space  which  is  determined  by  multiplying  the  three  dimensions. 

To  prevent  the  escape  of  the  gas  from  the  inclosure  to  be  disinfected,  fire- 
places, ventilators,  cracks  of  doors  and  windows,  and  other  openings  can  be 
stuffed  with  cotton,  paper,  cloths,  etc.,  but  they  are  best  closed  by  pasting  them 
over. 

»  A  full  discussion  of  disinfectants  nnd  their  npplic.ition  in  the  prevention  of  communi- 
cable diseases  may  J>e  found  in  Tublic  Health  Bulletin  No.  42,  1917,  Government  Printing 
Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(2S) 


29 

All  articles  to  be  disinfected  should  be  well  exposed  to  the  action  of  the 
disinfectant,  as  the  penetrating  powers  of  all  gaseous  disinfectants  are  limited ; 
therefore  articles  either  should  be  hung  up  or  otherwise  freely  exposed  to  the 
gas. 

FORMALDEHYDE. 

As  a  disinfectant  formaldehyde  gas  has  the  advantage  of  not  injuring  fabrics 
and  most  colors.  It  is  applicable  to  the  disinfection  of  rooms,  clothing,  and 
fabrics,  but  should  not  be  depended  upon  for  bedding,  upholstered  furniture, 
and  the  like,  when  deep  penetration  is  required.  It  is  not  poisonous  to  the 
higher  forms  of  animal  life  and  fails  to  kill  vermin,  such  as  rats,  mice,  roaches, 
bedbugs,  etc.  The  method  is  not  applicable  to  the  holds  of  large  vessels.  For 
the  most  effective  application  of  the  gas  a  temperature  of  at  least  65°  F.  and 
at  least  65  per  cent  of  saturation  with  moisture  in  the  compartment  are  essenial. 

Many  formaldehyde  solutions  do  not  contain  40  per  cent  of  formaldehyde, 
and  all  are  apt  to  deteriorate  with  time.  It  is  therefore  necessary  to  use  a 
quantity  in  excess  of  the  amount  prescribed  in  these  regulations  unless  the  solu- 
tion has  been  recently  analyzed. 

The  following  methods  of  evolving  the  gas  may  be  used : 

(a)  Autoclave  under  pressure,  3  to  12  hours'  exposure. 

(b)  Lamp  generator,  6  to  18  hours'  exposure. 

(c)  Spraying,  12  to  24  hours'  exposure. 

(d)  Formaldehyde  and  dry  heat  in  partial  vacuum,  1  hour's  exposure, 
(c)   Chemical,  as  formalin-permanganate  method  of  Russel. 

The  minimum  number  of  hours'  exposure  as  given  above  applies  to  empty 
rooms  of  tight  construction  containing  smooth,  hard  surfaces ;  the  maximum 
number  of  hours'  exposure  applying  in  all  cases  to  textile  and  other  articles 
of  a  similar  kind  requiring  more  or  less  penetration. 

(o)  Autoclave  under  pressure. — This  method  has  considerable  penetrating 
power  when  applied  as  detailed  below.  Rooms  or  apartments  need  no  special 
preparation  beyond  the  ordinary  closing  of  doors  and  windows.  Pasting,  calk- 
ing, or  chinking  of  ordinary  cracks  or  crevices  is  not  necessary.  The  doors 
of  lockers  and  closets  and  the  drawers  of  bureaus  should  be  open.  In  this 
apparatus  use  formalin  (40  per  cent),  with  the  addition  of  a  neutral  salt,  such 
as  calcium  chloride  (20  per  cent) .  The  gas  must  be  evolved  under  a  pressure  not 
less  than  45  pounds.  After  the  gas  is  separated  from  its  watery  solution  the 
pressure  may  be  allowed  to  fall  and  steam  projected  into  the  compartment  to 
supply  the  necessary  moisture.  Use  not  less  than  10  ounces  of  formalin  i)er 
1,000  cubic  feet,  and  keep  the  room  closed  for  3  to  12  hours  after  the  completion 
of  the  process.  For  large  rooms  the  gas  must  be  introduced  at  several  points 
as  far  apart  as  possible.  It  is  applicable  to  the  disinfection  of  clothing  and  fab- 
rics suspended  loosely  in  such  a  manner  that  every  article  is  freely  accessible  to 
the  gas  from  all  directions. 

(&)  Lamp  generator. — This  method  requires  an  apparatus  producing  formal- 
dehyde by  a  partial  oxidation  of  wood  alcohol,  and  in  using  it  the  room  or 
apartment  should  be  rendered  tight  as  practicable.  Oxidize  24  ounces  of  wood 
alcohol  per  1,000  feet  and  keep  the  room  closed  for  6  to  18  hours.  When  ap- 
plied to  clothing  and  textiles  the  articles  should  be  suspended  in  a  tight  room 
and  so  disposed  as  to  permit  free  access  of  the  gas.  The  wood  alcohol  should 
be  of  95  per  cent  strength  and  should  not  contain  more  than  5  per  cent  of 
acetone. 

(c)  Spraying. — The  formalin  (40  per  cent)  should  be  sprayed  on  sheets  sus- 
pended in  the  room  in  such  a  manner  that  the  solution  remains  in  small  drops 
on  the  sheet.    Spray  not  less  than  10  ounces  of  formalin  (40  per  cent)  for  each 


30 

1,000  cubic  feet.  Used  in  this  way  a  slieet  will  liolfl  about  5  ounces  without 
dripping'  or  the  drops  ruiiniuf?  to^'Kher.  The  v<xm\  must  be  tishtly  sealeil  in 
disinfecting  with  this  process,  and  kept  close<l  not  less  tlian  12  liours.  Tlie 
method  is  limited  to  rooms  or  apartments  not  exceeding;;  2.0(M)  cubic  ftH,'t.  The 
formalin  may  also  be  sprayed  upon  the  walls,  floors,  and  objects  in  the  room. 
This  method  is  markeilly  interfered  with  by,  and  is  not  to  be  relied  on  at  low 
temperatures,  say  below  72°  V.  At  43.5°  F.  very  little  formaldehyde  is  liberated, 
the  formaldehyde  being  polymerized  on  the  sheets. 

{(})  Formaldehyde  n-ith  dry  heat  in  partial  ra<"iium. — This  method  hns  su- 
perior penetrating  powers  and  is  especially  applicable  to  <-lotIiin?:  and  baggape. 
The  requirements  of  this  method  are  (1)  <Iry  heat  of  140°  F.  sustaineil  for  one 
liour;  (2)  a  vacuum  of  15  inches  (mercuiT)  ;  (3)  formaldeiiyde  evolved  from 
a  mixture  of  formalin  with  a  neutral  salt,  in  an  autoclave  under  pressure, 
using  not  less  than  30  ounces  of  formalin  (40  per  cent)  for  1.000  cubic  feet; 
and  (4)  a  total  exposure,  under  these  combined  conditions,  of  one  hour. 

(c)  Formafin-peniianganate  method. — When  formalin  is  poured  over  ciT'^tals 
of  permanganate  of  potjish  a  vigorous  reaction  takes  place  and  a  large  quantity 
of  formaldehyde  gas  is  liberated.  The  reaction  is  over  in  a  short  time,  about 
five  minutes,  and  if  a  proper  prop<^rtion  of  materials  have  been  used,  the  residue 
is  almost  dry.  The  proper  pro{>ortion  is  2  pints  of  formalin  to  1  pound  of 
permanganate  of  potash.  One  pint  of  formalin  for  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space 
should  be  used  if  the  temperature  is  65°  F.  or  leas ;  a  smaller  amount  may  be 
used  for  higher  temperatures,  but  not  less  than  10  ounces  per  1,000  cubic  feet. 
This  method  is  extremely  efficient  on  account  of  the  rsipidity  with  which  the 
gas  is  liberated.  The  danger  of  fire  should  be  guarded  again.st,  as  the  formalde- 
hyde gas,  being  in  a  comparatively  dry  state,  is  inllammable  in  the  presence  of 
a  flame,  such  as  Ughted  matches,  lamps,  etc. 

Disinfectants  Used  in  the  Liquid  State, 
cobbosive  sublimate. 

Corrosive  sul)limate  is  one  of  the  most  powerful  germicides  that  we  possess. 
It  has  the  disadvantage,  however,  of  corroding  metals  and  of  fornnng  inert 
compounds  with  albuminous  matter.  It  is,  therefore,  inadvisable  to  use  it  for 
disinfecting  sputum,  excreta,  or  under  any  condition  in  which  it  comes  in 
contact  with  much  albuminous  or  organic  matter. 

One  part  of  corrosive  sublimate  will  dissolve  in  13.5  parts  of  coltl  water  and 
in  2.1  parts  of  boiling  water.  It  is  therefore  preferable  to  use  hot  water.  The 
corrosive  sublimate  should  be  pulverized  before  attempting  to  dissolve  it ;  even 
then  it  dissolves  with  some  difficulty.  The  .s-olubllity  is  increased  by  using  sea 
water  for  the  solution  or  by  adding  2  parts  per  1,000  of  sodium  chloride  (common 
salt)  to  the  water  employed.  The  water  used  should  be  free  from  organic 
matter. 

The  strength  of  solution  u.'^ed  in  disinfecting  is  usnially  1  part  of  corrosive 
sublimate  to  1,0(X)  parts  of  water.  This  solution  is  made  by  dissolving  1  ounce 
of  corrosive  sublimate  in  1,000  ounces  of  water— approximately  8  gallons.  The 
solutions  are  be.st  made  in  an  earthen  or  wooden  vessel,  a  wooden  tub  or  barrel 
being  suitable.  The  addition  of  a  coloring  matter  will  re<luce  the  risk  of  the 
solution  being  drunk  by  nustake.  As  most  of  the  commonly  used  colonng 
matters  are  rapidly  precipitated  by  corrosive  sublimate,  probably  the  best 
agent  is  a  colored  metallic  chloride,  .such  as  cupric  chloride  (green).  The 
cupric  salt  has  the  addeil  advantage  of  being  germicidal. 


31 

Soiled  clothing,  bed  linen,  etc.,  may  he  disinfected  by  soaking  an  hour  in  a 
1  to  1,000  corrosive  sublimate  solution,  then  removed,  rinsed  in  clean  water, 
and  laundered.  As  corrosive  sublimate  is  a  mordant,  stains  will  be  fixed 
permanently  in  fabrics  subjected  to  such  a  bath.  Eating  utensils  shouhl  not 
be  disinfected  v»itli  bichloride  owing  to  the  danger  of  poisoning.  Walls  and 
wooden  furniture  may  be  washed  with  a  solution  of  1  to  1,000,  and  floors 
thoroughly  mopped,  allowing  the  disinfectant  to  di-y  on  the  surfaces  so  treateil. 

The  hands  may  be  bathed  in  a  1  to  1,000  solution  of  bichloride  without 
serious  injury,  unless  there  is  an  individual  susceptibility  to  the  drug. 

FORMALIN     (SOLUTION    OF    FORMALDEHYDE,    U.    S.    P.). 

Formalin,  a  solution  of  formaldehyde  gas  in  water,  is  a  valuable  disinfectant. 
It  has  the  advantage  of  bichloride  of  mercury  in  that  its  action  is  not  retarded  by 
albuminous  matter.  It  is  not  corrosive ;  articles  are  us-ually  not  injured  by  it. 
It  is  a  good  deodorant,  and  it  is  not  so  highly  poisonous  as  is  bichloride  of 
mercury. 

Formalin  contains  from  35  to  40  per  cent  of  formaldehyde  gas,  but  in  referring 
to  percentage  strengths  the  percentage  of  formalin  will  be  stated  and  not  that 
of  the  gas.  For  instance,  a  1  per  cent  solution  of  formalin  contains  formalin  in 
the  proportion  of  1  to  100,  but  it  contains  formaldehyde  gas  only  in  the  proportion 
of  1  to  250,  provided  the  formalin  contains  40  per  cent  formaldehyde  gas.  There- 
fore, to  make  a  5  per  cent  solution  of  formalin,  1  volume  of  formalin  is  added  to 
19  volumes  of  water ;  and  to  make  a  10  per  cent  solution,  1  volume  of  formalin 
is  added  to  9  volumes  of  water,  etc. 

Formalin  is  well  adapted  to  the  disinfection  of  urine,  feces,  sputum,  and  other 
discharges ;  for,  in  addition  to  disinfecting,  it  also  deodorizes  them.  For  this 
purpose  a  5  per  cent  solution  and  one  hour's  exposure  are  required.  The  sub- 
stances should  be  thoroughly  mixed.  Allowance  must  be  made  for  the  dilution 
caused  by  mixing  the  formalin  solution  with  the  material  to  be  disinfected. 
For  instance,  if  1  pint  of  feces  is  to  be  disinfected  it  should  be  mixed  with  1 
pint  of  a  10  per  cent  solution  of  formalin,  which  gives  the  5  per  cent  strength 
required. 

Formalin  can  not  be  used  in  the  sick  room,  as  the  liberated  gas  is  irritating ; 
nor  is  it  adapted  to  the  washing  of  floors,  walls,  etc.,  for  the  same  reason. 

Soiled  linen  and  bedclothing  can  be  disinfected  by  one  hour's  immersion  in  a  5 
per  cent  solution  of  formalin. 

For  the  sterilization  of  brushes  suspected  of  being  contaminated  with  anthrax 
the  following  procedure  may  be  employed :  The  brush  should  be  soaked  for  four 
hours  in  a  10  per  cent  solution  of  formalin  (by  formalin  is  meant  a  40  per  cent 
solution  of  formaldehyde).  The  solution  should  be  kept  at  a  temperature  of 
110°  F.,  and  the  brush  s-o  agitated  as  to  bilng  the  solution  into  contact  with  all 
hair  or  bristles. 

PHENOL.      SYNONYM  :  CABBOLIC  ACID.       C0H5OH. 

Phenol  is  a  very  useful  disinfectant.  It  is  solid  at  ordinary  temperature,  but 
it  can  be  liquefied  either  by  heat  or  by  the  addition  of  about  8  per  cent  of  water. 
One  ounce  of  phenol  dissolves  in  1  pint  of  water  (16  ounces),  making  approxi- 
mately a  6  per  cent  solution.  It  dissolves  in  water  with  some  difficulty ; 
therefore,  to  insure  its  solution,  hot  water  should  be  used  tmd  the  mixture  well 
agitated. 

Phenol  mixes  with  glycerin  in  all  proportions.  These  mixtures  may  readily 
be  diluted  with  water  to  form  aqueous  solutions  of  phenol  of  the  desired 
strength. 


32 

As  a  disinfectant  phenol  is  commonly  used  in  aqueous  solutions  of  1  to  5  per 
cent.  In  these  strengths  phenol  is  not  destructive  to  fabrics,  colors,  metals,  etc. 
Therefore,  it  has  a  wide  ranpe  of  usefulness  in  disinfection.  At  it  does  not 
actively  coaprulate  albunnnous  matter,  it  is  useful  for  the  disinfection  of  urine, 
feces,  sputum,  etc.  For  this  purpose  a  5  per  cent  solution  is  added  to  an  equal 
volume  of  the  excretions,  the  mass  then  thoroughly  mixed  and  allowed  to  stand 
one  hour  before  final  disposal.  ' 

Soiled  linen,  bedclothes,  etc.,  are  best  disinfected  by  Immersion  for  one  hour 
in  a  3  per  cent  solution,  and  the  same  strength  solution  should  be  u.sed  for 
mopping  floors,  walls,  etc.  After  handling  tlie  sick  or  any  objects  possibly 
infected,  such  as  Itedpans,  sputum  cups,  etc..  the  hands  may  be  disinfecte<l  by 
washing  them  for  two  to  live  minutes  in  a  1  per  cent  solution  of  phenol.  The 
hands  should  then  be  washed  in  alcohol  in  order  to  avoid  the  benumbing  effect 
of  phenol.  As  phenol  does  not  kill  spores  it  should  not  be  u.sed  in  attempting^ 
t(»  destroy  the  infection  of  tetanus,  anthrax,  or  malignant  oedema. 

The  foregoing  applies  t(»  phenol  only  and  not  to  crude  carbolic  acid  which, 
unless  subjected  to  preliminury  treatment,  is  unsatisfactory. 

Liquor  eresolis  composiUis  {V.  S.  rharmocopaia) . — This  is  a  more  agreeable 
preparation  of  sur)erior  disinfecting  power  and  also  greater  range  of  usefulness, 
and  has  the  advantage  of  being  less  poisonous.  Dilutions  of  1  in  100  to  1  in  25a 
are  used. 

There  are  a  number  of  proprietary  disinfectants  of  approximately  the  same 
value  as  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  preparation  just  mentioned. 

AGENTS  FOll  THE  DESTKt'CTION   OF  VERMIN. 

In  using  gaseous  insecticides,  every  care  should  be  exercise<l  to  avoid  the 
escape  of  the  vermin  from  the  inclosure  during  the  process  of  killing;  conse- 
quently all  points  of  exit  should  be  close<l.  Closets,  bookcases,  drawers,  etc., 
likely  to  harbor  or  contain  animal  life,  should  be  opened  to  allow  access  of 
the  gas. 

The  following  insecticides  will  be  considered: 

1.  Sulphur  dioxide. 

2.  Hydrocyanic  acid  gas. 

3.  Pyrethrum. 

SULPHUR   DIOXIDE. 

As  an  insecticide  sulphur  does  not  require  the  presence  of  moisture,  since  it 
acts  equally  well  in  a  dry  as  in  a  moist  atmosphere.  Therefore  moisture  should 
not  be  artificially  produced,  as  the  drier  the  atmosphere  the  less  injury  there 
■will  be  to  furnishings,  colors,  etc. 

With  all  cracks  and  crevices  closed  to  prevent  their  exit,  a  1  per  cent  strength 
will  kill  flies  and  mosquitoes  within  two  hours,  and  if  the  atmosphere  is  reason- 
ably di-y  very  little  injury  will  be  done  to  the  ordinary  room  furnishings.  A 
2  per  cent  strength  will  kill  rats  within  four  hours,  and  a  5  per  cent  strength 
will  destroy  most  bedbugs,  roaches,  lice,  etc.,  within  six  hours,  althimgh  some 
of  these  insects  usually  escape  by  seeking  prott-ction  in  crevices. 

To  obtain  the  desired  strength  of  sulphur  gas  it  is  only  ni>cessary  to  remember 
that  the  burning  of  1  pound  of  sulphur  in  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space  produces 
approximately  1  per  cent  of  the  gas,  2  pounds,  2  per  cent,  etc. 

J'nt  nut  hod.— This  is  the  cheapest  and  simplest  method  of  producing  sulphur 
dioxide.  The  materials  required  are  sulphur,  pots,  and  a  small  quantity  of 
alcohol. 


33 

As  the  combustion  of  sulphur  is  dependent  upon  the  available  oxygen  of  the 
air,  the  rapidity  of  the  production  of  the  sulphur  dioxide  will  be  j^'overned  by  the 
area  of  the  burning  surface.  It  is  therefore  very  important  that  broad  shallow 
pots  be  used  to  insure  rapid  production. 

Sufficient  pots  should  be  available  so  that  a  depth  of  not  more  than  1^  to  2 
inches  of  sulphur  will  have  to  be  placed  in  each  pot,  although  necessity  some- 
times requires  a  greater  depth  than  this. 

Ordinary  "  Dutch  ovens,"  or  iron  buckets,  may  be  used,  but  the  best  pot  for 
the  purposes  is  one  with  a  flat  bottom  12  to  18  inches  in  diameter,  and  with 
sides  about  4  inches  high.  The  sulphur  should  be  sloped  toward  the  center  so 
as  to  form  a  crater  or  depression. 

Theoretically,  the  complete  combustion  of  1  pound  of  sulphur  in  a  space  of 
1,000  cubic  feet  produces  1.2  per  cent  (by  volume)  at  65°  C.  of  sulphur  dioxide, 
though  1  per  cent  is  about  what  is  produced  in  actual  practice.  Therefore,  as 
5  per  cent  is  required  to  kill  certain  vermin,  it  is  necessary  to  burn  5  pounds 
of  sulphur  for  1,000  cubic  feet  to  be  disinfected.  After  estimating  the  cubic 
space  to  be  disinfected  the  sulphur  should  be  weighed,  allowing  5  pounds  for 
every  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space.  When  using  stick  sulphur  it  should  be  coarsely 
broken  up.  Finely  ground  or  sublimed  sulpliur  does  not  burn  as  well  under  ordi- 
nary conditions  of  fumigation  as  the  medium-sized  irregular  lumps. 

The  pots  should  be  distributed  in  the  rooms  to  be  disinfected  according  to  the 
size  of  the  rooms  and  number  of  pots. 

When  everything'  is  ready,  the  sulphur  is  sprinkled  with  alcohol  and  ignited. 
A  convenient  and  safe  method  of  igniting  the  alcohol  on  the  sulphur  is  to  throw 
a  lighted  match  into  the  pot  while  tlie  head  is  still  blazing.  This  ignites  the 
alcohol,  which  in  turn  ignites  the  sulphur.  Less  alcohol  will  be  used  if  a  ball 
of  cotton  waste  the  size  of  a  goose  egg  is  saturated  with  alcohol,  and  placed  in 
the  sulphur  and  ignited.  This  also  prevents  sputtering  from  the  accumulation  of 
alcohol  under  the  burning  sulphur.  Burning  can  also  be  started  by  placing  a 
shovelful  of  live  coals  in  the  sulphur. 

The  sulphur  dioxide  does  not  begin  to  come  off  in  large  quantities  immediately 
after  ignition  is  started,  so  it  is  practicable  for  one  operator  to  start  a  number 
of  pots.  After  igniting  he  should  make  sure  that  the  sulphur  is  burning  in  all 
pots,  then  he  should  close  the  door  of  exit  and  seal  its  cracks  by  pasting. 

When  the  sulphur  has  been  burning  half  an  hour,  search  should  be  made  for 
sulphur  fumes  escaping  from  any  openings  that  may  have  been  overlooked  and 
close  them. 

Leave  the  apartment  or  room  closed  for  eight  hours,  and  then  open  doors 
and  windows  and  allow  the  remaining  sulphur  fumes  to  blow  out.  It  is  well  to 
leave  the  windows  so  they  can  be  opened  from  the  outside,  otherwise  entrance 
to  the  rooms  may  be  impossible  for  an  hour  or  more.  The  rooms  can  usually 
be  occupied  in  two  or  three  hours  after  opening  the  doors  and  windows. 

The  burning  sulphur  causes  the  pots  to  become  very  hot,  and  to  avoid  danger 
from  fire  it  is  necessary  to  place  them  upon  objects  not  combustible  or  injured 
by  heat.  Brick,  sand,  stones,  or  suitable  pieces  of  metal  may  be  used  for  this 
purpose.  As  a  protection  against  fire  the  use  of  a  pan  of  water  beneath  the 
pot  is  safest  and  most  convenient.  If  dry  gas  is  desired,  the  pot  should  be  raised 
so  that  the  water  does  not  touch  its  bottom ;  if  moisture  is  desired,  the  pot  is 
set  directly  in  the  water. 

In  the  past  sulphur  dioxide  has  been  used  extensively  as  a  germicide.  In  order 
to  have  any  appreciable  bactericidal  powers  it  must  be  used  in  the  presence  of 
moisture.  Under  these  conditions  it  is  a  fairly  good  surface  disinfectant,  but 
its  powers  of  penetration  are  very  limited.     In  the  presence  of  moisture  the 


34 

Rnlplmr  dioxkle  (S0;>  fomis  saulphnrous  acid  (HaSOs)  which  is  the  active  ger- 
niicidiii  ajxent.  Unfortunately  in  the  eoiuhiistion  of  siilpliiir  a  rvrtain  amount  of 
sulphur  trioxid  (SOg)  may  hi*  ftniud  vvhidi.  with  WMter,  fr»rnis  sulphuric  acid 
(HaSO,),  This  is  very  injurious  to  hoa«ehol<l  furnishings,  fal>rie«,  etc.,  and 
eonstitutes  one  of  tiie  jrreiit  ot>.iections  to  suliihnr  dioxide  as  a  seriuicide. 

TAquid  ftulphiir  dioxide  is  well  adairted  to  tiie  destructif>n  of  insect  and  vermin 
lif«\  as  the  pas  is  liberated  in  a  short  time.  Two  ixmnds  of  the  liquid  are 
equivalent  to  1  pound  of  sulphur  vheii  burnt  by  the  pot  method. 

Svlphur  rav-dleif  are  sometimes  iisefnl  for  killing;  flies  and  mosquitoes,  or 
where  only  a  s-mall  percentage  of  the  gras  is  required.  Candles  vary  in  weight, 
hut  their  wei^lit  should  Itp  determined;  for  killinfr  flii^  and  mosquitoes  not 
less  than  1*  pounds  of  candle  .should  l>e  used  for  each  1,<XM)  i-ubic  f*x't.  The 
candles  require  <mly  to  be  phiced  upon  bricks  and  lighted;  they  usually  burn 
easily.    The  usual  time  of  exposure  (two  htmi-s)  ii«  required. 

HTDBOCYATVIC    ACII)   GAS. 

This  sas  is  very  poisonous  to  all  forms  of  animal  life.  It  kills  rats,  mice, 
roaches,  flies,  fleas,  moi^quitoes.  and  bedbugs  with  cert.uinty  and  very  quickly. 
In  the  hnnds  of  the  inexperienoed  it  is  a  r^ery  dangerous  gas,  as  the  least  care- 
icKsyicss  loUh  it  may  result  in  the  loss  of  hum<in  life,  since  it  is  deadly 
poisonous.  It  is  therefore  unsafe  and  unwise  to  use  hydrocyanic  acid  gas  in 
iH'cupied  buildings.  This  gas  is  useful  for  destroying  all  forms  of  vermin  in 
tars,  granaries,  stables,  barns,  poultry  houses  and  other  uninhabited  buildings. 

The  paraphernalia  required  includes  a  tight  wooden  barrel  (preferabl.v  of 
<)ak)  for  use  in  large  spaces;  earthenware  jars  or  crocks  for  small  compart- 
ments, and  earthenware  jugs  or  carboys  for  u.se  as  acid  containers.  A  glass 
graduate  is  useful. 

The  gas  is  generated  by  mixing  watei-.  sulphuric  acid,  and  a  cyanide  salt, 
either  potassium  ^  or  sodium,  in  the  following  proportions : 

To  each  ounce  of  potassium  cyanide  used  1  fluid  ounce  of  couuuercial  sul- 
phuric aci<l  6GB  and  2i  fluid  ounces  of  water  are  necessary,  the  formula 
l>eiug  2:2:5. 

To  each  ounce  of  sodium  cj^nide  li  fluid  ounces  of  commercial  suli^huric 
acid  GCiB  and  2  fluid  ounces  of  water  are  necessary,  the  formula  being  2:3:4. 

The  necessary  concentration  of  cyanide  gas  and  the  duration  of  exi)osure 
varies  with  the  object  sought,  but  the  following  may  be  employed: 

(a)  For  destruction  of  mosquitoes:  One-half  ounce  of  sodium  cyanide  per 
1,0<X>  cubic  feet  of  space,  exposure  one-half  hour. 

{b)  For  destruction  of  fleas:  Two  and  one-half  ounces  of  sodium  cyanide 
per  1.000  cubic  feet  of  space,  exiwsure  one-half  hour. 

*(c)   For  destruction  of  rodents    (rats  and  mice)  :    Five  ounces  of  sodium 
cyanide  per  1.000  cubic  feet  of  space,  exiwsure  for  two  hours. 

(tf)  For  destruction  of  lic-e :  Ten  ounces  of  sodium  cyanide  per  1,000  cubie 
feet  of  space,  exposure  for  two  hours. 

(c)  For  destruction  of  bedbugs:  Five  ounces  of  sodium  cyanide  per  1.000 
cubic  feet  of  space^  exiiosure  for  one  hour. 

The  above  standards  apply  to  emi)ty  spac««.  In  comiiartments  tilled  with 
merchandise  or  other  materials  the  period  of  exposui-e  sliould  he  doubled. 
Tlie  amounts  necessai-y  should  l>e  determined  and  the  iugriHiients  mixed 
IniniHdiately  i>ri<»r  to  eacHi  fumigation. 


*C»niiMeicial  ryaiilde  of  jiotrtssiiim  u»t  kifreijuently  luis  a  fiiscil  i-liloride  blended 
with  it.  Sucli  i>ropa  lilt  Ions  .sl\ould  not  l)e  u.*'d  as  the  chloride  affects  the  generation  of 
the  gas. 


35 

The  compartment  or  space  should  be  made  tipht  to  prevent  the  escape  of 
the  gas;  all  openings,  cracks,  etc.,  except  the  exit  for  tlie  oi^erator,  should 
be  well  sealed.  The  doors  and  windows  should  be  so  arranged  that  they 
may  be  oiiened  from  the  outside. 

When  the  compartment  is  in  readiness  for  fumigation  the  acid  and  water 
are  mixed  in  the  barrel  or  earthenware  vessel,  the  acid  being  poured  into  the 
water  and  well  mixed.  It  is  well  to  allow  the  mixture  to  cool.  The  cyanide 
should  not  be  added  until  the  compartment  is  I'eady  to  be  finally  closed.  The 
required  amount  of  cyanide  should  be  in  a  gauze  bag,  which  is  quickly  put 
into  the  mixture  of  water  and  acid.  The  acid  destroys  the  bag  and  acts 
on  the  cyanide  with  a  rapid  evolution  of  the  gas.  The  operator  should  leave 
the  compartment  with  all  haste;  otherwise  he  will  be  overcome  by  the  gas, 
which  is  highly  poisonous.     The  door  of  exit  should  then  be  quickly  sealed. 

A  still  safer  method  of  adding  the  cyanide  is  to  have  the  bag  containing  it 
suspended  over  the  vessel  by  a  string  leading  to  the  door  or  exit,  from  which 
place  it  may  be  lowered  into  the  mixture  with  greater  safety  to  the  operator. 

Great  care  should  be  taken  when  the  compartment  is  opened.  It  is  well 
to  hold  the  breath  when  actually  opening  a  door  or  window.  It  is  not  safe 
to  stand  in  the  breeze  blowing  from  the  compartment.  Under  no  conditions 
should  the  building  be  entered  until  it  has  been  thoroughly  aired  out,  and 
then  the  fii'St  person  to  enter  should  be  an  experienced  and  responsible 
individual. 

PYBETHRUM. 

Pyrethrum  is  an  inferior  insecticide  but  is  sometimes  useful  in  small-scale 
operations,  as  in  ridding  living  rooms  of  mosquitoes.  It  kills  only  a  portion 
of  the  insects  outright  but  stupefies  most  of  the  remainder  so  that  they  can 
be  swept  up  and.  destroyed  by  burning  or  otherwise  immediately  after  the 
exposure.  It  is  not  dangerous  to  man  and  requires  evacuation  of  the  pi-emises 
for  a  comparatively  short  time.  It  is  burned,  in  the  same  manner  as  is  sulphur 
by  the  pot  method,  using  from  2  to  4  pounds  per  1,000  cubic  feet.  If  all 
windows  in  the  room  but  one  have  been  darkened,  the  dead  and  stupefied! 
insects  will  for  the  most  part  be  found  collected  near  it.  The  time  of  exposure 
is  usually  two  hours.  Pyrethrum  may  also  be  used  as  a  powder  by  blowing 
it  with  a  bellows  into  the  hiding  places  of  the  insects, 


APPENDIX  C. 


QUARANTINE  LAWS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

An   act  to  prevrnt  the  introduction  of  contapious  diseases  from  one  State  to 

another  and  for  the  punishment  of  certain  offenses. 

(U.  S.  Stats,  at  Large,  vol.  26,  ch.  51,  p.  31.     Approved  Mar.  27,  1890.) 

Be  it  enacted  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represnitatires  of  the  United  States 
of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  whenever  it  shall  be  made  to  appear 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  President  that  cholera,  yellow  fever,  smallpox,  or 
plajrue  exists  in  any  State  or  Territory,  or  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
that  there  is  danger  of  the  spread  of  such  disease  into  other  States,  Territorie.s, 
or  tlie  District  of  Colunrtiia,  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  cause  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  to  promuljrate  such  rules  and  regulations  as  in  his  judgment  may 
be  necessary  to  prevent  the  spread  of  such  disease  from  one  State  or  Territory 
into  another,  or  from  any  State  or  Territory  into  the  District  of  Columbia,  or 
from  the  District  of  Columbia  into  any  State  or  Territory,  and  to  employ  such 
inspectors  and  other  per.sons  as  may  be  nece.ssary  to  execute  such  regulations  to 
prevent  the  spread  of  such  disease.  The  said  rules  and  regulations  shall  be  pre- 
pared by  the  Supervising  Surgeon  General  otAhe  Marine-Hospital  Service  im<ler 
the  direction  of  the  Secretai*y  of  the  Treasury.  And  any  person  who  shall  will- 
fully violate  any  rule  or  regulation  so  made  and  promulgated  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  punished  by  a  tine  of 
not  more  than  live  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  two 
years,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  2.  That  any  officer,  or  person  acting  as  an  officer,  or  agent  of  the  United 
States  at  any  quarantine  station,  or  other  person  employed  to  aid  in  preventing 
the  spread  of  such  disease,  who  shall  willfully  violate  any  of  the  quarantine 
laws  of  the  United  States  or  any  of  the  rules  and  regulations  made  and  pro- 
mulgated by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as  provided  for  in  section  one  of  this 
act.  or  any  lawful  order  of  his  superior  officer  or  officers,  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdeureanor,  and  upon  conviction  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more 
tlian  three  hundred  dollars  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one  year,  or  both, 
in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  3.  That  when  any  common  carrier  or  officer,  agent,  or  employee  of  any 
common  carrier  shall  willfully  violate  any  of  the  quarantine  laws  of  the  United 
States,  or  the  rules  and  regulations  made  and  promulgated  as  provided  for  in 
section  one  of  this  act,  such  common  carrier,  officer,  agent,  or  employee  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  a  mistlemeauor,  and  shall,  on  conviction,  be  punished  by  a 
fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than 
two  years,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

An  act  granting  additional  quarantine  powers  and  imposing  additional  duties 
upon  the  Marine-Hospital  Service. 
(U.  S.  Stats,  at  Large,  vol.  27,  ch.  114,  p.  449.  Approved  Feb.  15,  1893.) 
Be  it  enacted  hy  the  Sauite  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  C&nfrress  assembled,  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  mer- 
chant ship  or  other  vessel  from  any  foreign  port  or  place  to  enter  any  port  of 
the  United  States  except  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  with 
such  rules  and  regulations  of  State  and  municipal  health  authorities  as  may  be 
made  in  pursuance  of  or  consistent  with  this  act ;  and  any  .such  vessel  which 
shall  enter,  or  attempt  to  enter,  a  port  of  the  United  States  in  violation  thereof 
shall  forfeit  to  the  United  States  a  .sum,  to  be  awai'ded  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court,  not  exceeding  five  thou.sand  dollars,  which  shall  be  a  lien  upon  said  vessel, 
to  be  recovered  by  proceedings  in  the  proper  district  court  of  the  Unitetl  States. 
In  all  such  proceedings  the  United  States  district  attorney  for  such  district 
shall  apiiear  on  behalf  of  the  United  States;  and  all  such  proceetlings  shall  be 

(3G) 


37 

conducted  in  accordance  with  the  rules  and  laws  governing  cases  of  seizure  of 
vessels  for  violation  of  the  revenue  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  2.  That  any  vessel  at  any  foreign  port  clearing  for  any  port  or  place  in 
the  United  States  shall  be  required  to  obtain  from  the  consul,  vice  consul,  or 
other  consular  ofTicer  of  the  United  States  at  the  port  of  departure,  or  from 
the  medical  officer  where  siTCh  officer  has  been  detailed  by  the  President  for 
that  purpose,  a  bill  of  health,  in  duplicate,  in  the  form  prescribed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  setting  forth  the  sanitary  history  and  condition  of  said 
vessel,  and  that  it  has  in  all  respects  complied  with  the  rules  and  regulations 
in  such  cases  prescribed  for  securing  the  best  sanitary  condition  of  the  said 
vessel,  its  cargo,  passengers,  and  crew ;  and  said  consular  or  medical  officer  is 
required,  before  granting  such  duplicate  bill  of  health,  to  be  satisfied  that  the 
matters  and  things  therein  stated  are  true;  and  for  his  services  in  that  behalf 
he  shall  be  entitled  to  demand  and  receive  such  fees  as  shall  by  lawful  regula- 
tion be  allowed,  to  be  accounted  for  as  is  required  in  other  cases. 

The  President,  in  his  discretion,  is  authorized  to  detail  any  medical  officer 
of  the  Government  to  serve  in  the  office  of  the  consul  at  any  foreign  port  for 
the  purpose  of  furnishing  information  and  making  the  inspection  and  giving 
the  bills  of  health  hereinbefore  mentioned.  Any  vessel  clearing  and  sailing 
fronj  any  such  port  without  such  bill  of  health,  and  entering  any  port  of  the 
United  States,  shall  forfeit  to  the  United  States  not  more  than  five  thousand 
dollars,  the  amount  to  be  determined  by  the  court,  which  shall  be  a  lien  on  the 
same,  to  be  recovered  by  proceedings  in  the  proper  district  court  of  the  United 
States.  In  all  such  proceedings  the  United  States  district  attorney  for  such 
district  shall  appear  on  behalf  of  the  United  States ;  and  all  such  proceedings 
shall  be  conducted  in  accordance  Avith  the  rules  and  laws  governing  cases  of 
seizure  of  vessels  for  violation  of  the  revenue  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Supervising  Surgeon  General  of  the  Marine-Hospital  Service 
shall,  immediately  after  this  act  takes  effect,  examine  the  quarantine  regula- 
tions of  all  State  and  municipal  boards  of  health,  and  shall,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  cooperate  with  and  aid  State  and  municipal 
boards  of  health  in  the  execution  and  enforcement  of  the  rules  and  regulations 
of  such  boards  and  in  the  execution  and  enforcement  of  the  rules  and  regula- 
tions made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  con- 
tagious or  infectious  diseases  into  the  United  States  from  foreign  countries, 
and  into  one  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  from  another  State 
or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  ;  and  all  rules  and  regulations  made  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  operate  uniformly  and  in  no  manner  dis- 
criminate against  any  port  or  place;  and  at  such  ports  and  places  within  the 
United  States  as  have  no  quarantine  regulations  under  State  or  municipal 
authority,  where  such  regulations  are,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  necessary  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  contagious  or  infectious 
diseases  into  the  United  States  from  foreign  countries,  or  into  one  State  or 
Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  from  another  State  or  Territory  or  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  at  such  ports  and  places  within  the  United  States 
where  quarantine  regulations  exist  under  the  authority  of  the  State  or  munici- 
pality which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  are  not  sufficient 
to  prevent  the  introduction  of  such  diseases  into  the  United  States,  or  into  one 
State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia  from  another  State  or  Territory  or 
the  District  of  Columbia,  the  Secretai*y  of  the  Treasury  shall,  if  in  his  judgment 
it  is  necessary  and  proper,  make  such  additional  rules  and  regulations  as  are 
necessary  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  such  diseases  into  the  United  States 
from  foreign  countries,  or  into  one  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia from  another  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  when  such 
rules  and  regulations  have  been  made  thejs^  shall  be  promulgated  by  the  Secretary 


38 

of  the  Treasury,  and  enforced  by  tho  sanitnry  authorities  of  the  States  and  nni- 
nicipalities,  where  the  State  and  municipal  health  authorities  will  undertake  to 
execute  and  enforce  them;  but  if  the  State  or  municipal  authorities  shall  fail 
or  refuse  to  enforce  said  rules  and  reKulations  the  President  shall  execute  and 
enforce  the  same  nnd  adopt  such  measures  as  in  his  juilsnient  shall  lie  ne^.-ess^iry 
to  prevent  the  intrcxluction  or  spread  of  such  diseases,  and  may  detail  or  ai)point 
ofRcers  for  tliat  purpose.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  make  such  rules 
and  regulations  as  are  necessary  to  be  observed  by  vessels  at  the  port  of  de- 
parture and  on  the  voyapre,  where  such  vessels  sail  from  any  foreign  port  or 
place  to  any  port  or  place  in  the  United  States,  to  secure  the  best  sanitary  c<»n- 
ditlon  of  such  vessel,  her  cargo,  passengers,  and  crew,  which  shall  be  published 
and  communicate<l  to  and  enforced  by  the  consular  otTicers  of  the  United  States. 
None  of  the  penalties  herein  imi)Osed  shall  attach  to  any  vessel  or  owner  or 
officer  thereof  until  a  copy  of  this  act.  with  the  rules  and  regulations  made  in 
pursuance  thereof,  has  been  i>osted  up  in  the  office  of  the  consul  or  other  con- 
sular officer  of  the  United  States  for  ten  days  in  the  port  from  which  said 
vessel  sailed :  and  the  certiticate  of  such  consul  or  consular  officer  over  his  offi- 
cial signature  shall  be  competent  evidence  of  such  posting  in  any  court  of  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  sfiall  be  the  duty  of  the  Supervising  Surgeon  General  of  the 
Marine  Hospital  Service,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
t*»  perform  all  the  duties  in  respect  to  quarantine  and  quarantine  regulations 
which  are  provided  for  by  this  act,  and  to  obtain  information  of  the  sanitary 
condition  of  foreign  ports  and  places  from  which  contagious  and  intecti<ms 
diseases  are  or  may  be  imported  into  the  United  States;  and  to  this  end  the 
consular  officers  of  the  United  States  at  such  iKirts  and  places  as  shall  be 
designated  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasur>'  shall 'make  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  weekly  reports  of  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  ports  and  places 
at  which  they  are  respectively  stationed,  according  to  such  forms  as  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  shall  prescribe ;  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall 
jilso  <<btain,  through  all  sources  accessible,  including  State  and  municipal  sani- 
tary authorities  throughout  the  United  States,  weekly  reports  of  the  sanitary 
condition  of  ports  and  places  within  the  United  States,  and  shall  prei>are.  pub- 
lish, and  transmit  to  collectors  of  customs  and  to  State  and  municipal  health 
officers  and  other  sanitarians  weekly  abstracts  of  the  consular  sanitary  reports 
and  other  pertinent  information  received  by  him,  and  shall  also,  as  far  as 
he  may  be  able,  by  means  of  the  voluntary  cooi^ration  of  State  and  municipal 
autliorities.  of  public  associations  and  private  persons,  procure  information 
relating  to  the  climatic  and  other  conditions  affecting  the  public  health,  and 
shall  make  an  annual  report  of  his  operations  to  Congress,  with  such  recommen- 
dations as  he  may  deem  important  to  the  public  interest. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  from  time  to  time  iasue  to 
the  consular  officers  of  the  United  States  and  to  the  medical  officers  serving  at 
any  foreign  port,  and  otherwise  make  publicly  known,  the  rules  and  regulations 
made  by  him,  to  be  used  and  complied  with  by  vessels  in  foreign  ports,  for 
wcuring  the  best  sanitary  conditions  of  such  vessels,  their  cargoes.  i)assengers, 
and  crew,  before  their  departure  for  any  port  in  the  United  States  and  in  the 
course  of  the  voyage,  and  all  such  other  rules  and  regulations  as  shall  be  ob- 
served in  the  insi>ection  of  the  .same  on  the  arrival  thereof  at  any  quarantine 
station  at  the  port  of  destination,  and  for  the  disinfection  and  isolation  of  the 
same,  and  the  treatment  of  cargo  and  i>ersons  on  board,  so  as  to  prevent  the 
introduction  of  cholera,  yellow  fever,  or  other  contagious  or  infectious  diseases; 
and  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any  vessel  to  enter  said  i)ort  to  discharge  its  cargo 
or  land  its  passengers  except  upon  a  certiticate  of  the  health  officer  at  such 
quarantine  station  certifying  that  said  rules  and  r^:ulations  have  in  all  respects 


39 

been  observed  and  complied  with,  as  well  on  his  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
said  vessel  and  its  master,  in  respect  to  the  same  and  to  its  cargo,  passengers, 
and  crew ;  and  the  master  of  every  such  vessel  shall  produce  and  deliver  to  the 
collector  of  customs  at  said  port  of  entry,  together  with  the  other  papers  of 
the  vessel,  the  said  bills  of  health  required  to  be  obtained  at  the  port  of  de- 
parture and  the  certificate  herein  required  to  be  obtained  from  the  health 
officer  at  the  port  of  entry,  and  that  the  bills  of  health  herein  prescribed  shall 
be  considered  as  part  of  the  ship's  papers,  and  when  duly  certified  to  by  the 
proper  consular  or  other  officer  of  the  United  States,  over  his  official  signature 
and  seal,  shall  be  accepted  as  evidence  of  the  statements  therein  contained 
in  any  court  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  on  the  arrival  of  an  infected  vessel  at  any  port  not  provided  with 
proper  facilities  for  treatment  of  the  same  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may 
remand  said  vessel,  at  its  own  expense,  to  the  nearest  national  or  other  quaran- 
tine station,  where  accommodations  and  appliances  are  provided  for  the  neces- 
sary disinfection  and  treatment  of  the  vessel,  passengers,  and  cargo,  and  after 
treatment  of  any  infected  vessel  at  a  national  quarantine  station,  and  after 
certificate  shall  have  been  given  by  the  United  States  quarantuie  officer  at 
said  station  that  the  vessel,  cargo,  and  passengers  are  each  and  all  free  from 
infectious  disease,  or  danger  of  conveying  the  same,  said  vessel  shall  be  ad- 
mitted to  entry  to  any  port  of  the  United  States  named  within  the  certificate. 
But  at  any  ports  where  sufficient  quarantine  provision  has  been  made  by  State 
or  local  authorities  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  direct  vessels  bound 
for  said  ports  to  undergo  quarantine  at  said  State  or  local  station. 

Sec.  7.  That  whenever  it  shall  be  shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  President 
that  by  reason  of  the  existence  of  cholera  or  other  infectious  or  contagious 
diseases  in  a  foreign  country  there  is  serious  danger  of  the  introduction  of 
the  same  into  the  United  States,  and  that  notwithstanding  the  quarantine  de- 
fense this  danger  is  so  increased  by  the  introduction  of  persons  or  property 
from  such  country  that  a  suspension  of  the  right  to  introduce  the  same  is 
demanded  in  the  interest  of  the  public  health,  the  President  shall  have  power 
to  prohibit,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  introduction  of  persons  and  property  from 
such  countries  or  places  as  he  shall  designate  and  for  such  period  of  time  as 
he  may  deem  necessary. 

Sec.  8.  That  whenever  the  proper  authorities  of  a  State  shall  surrender  to  the 
United  States  the  use  of  the  buildings  and  disinfecting  apparatus  at  a  State 
quarantine  station  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  be  authorized  to  receive 
them  and  to  pay  a  reasonable  compensation  to  the  State  for  their  use,  if,  in  his 
opinion,  they  are  necessary  to  the  United  States. 

Sec.  9.  That  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  infectious 
or  contagious  diseases  into  the  United  States,  and  to  establish  a  national  board 
of  health,"  approved  March  3,  1879,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  repealed.  And 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  directed  to  obtain  possession  of  any  property, 
furniture,  books,  paper,  or  records  belonging  to  the  United  States,  which  are 
not  in  the  possession  of  an  officer  of  the  United  States  under  the  Treasury 
Department,  which  were  formerly  in  the  use  of  the  National  Board  of  Health 
or  any  officer  or  employee  thereof. 


An  act  to  amend  section  two  of  the  act  approved  February  15,  1893,  entitled 
"An  act  granting  additional  quarantine  powers  and  imposing  additional 
duties  upon  the  Marine-Hospital  Service." 

(U.  S.  Stats,  at  Large,  vol.  28,  ch.  300,  p.  372.     Approved  Aug.  18,  1894.) 
Be  it  enacted  "by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 

States  of  America  in  Congress  assemhled,  That  section  two  of  the  act  approved 


40 

February  fifteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  entitled  "An  act  grant- 
ing additional  quarantine  powers  and  imposing  additional  duties  upon  the 
Marine-Hospital  Service,"  is  hereby  amended  by  adding  to  the  end  of  said 
section  the  following: 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  vessels  plying  between  for- 
eign ports  on  or  near  the  frontiers  of  the  United  States  and  ports  adjacent 
thereto;  but  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  hereby  authorized,  when,  in  his 
discretion,  it  is  expetlient  for  the  preservation  of  the  public  health,  to  establish 
regulations  governing  such  vessels. 


An  act  to  amend  "An  act  granting  additional  quarantine  powers  and  imposing 
additional  duties  upon  the  Marine-Hospital  Sen-ice,"  approved  February  15, 
1893. 

(U.  S.  Stats,  at  Large,  vol.  31,  ch.  836,  p.  1086.     Approved  Mar.  3,  1901.) 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represeiitatires  of  the  I'nited  States 
of  America  in  Congress  assembJed,  That  "  an  act  granting  additional  quarantine 
powers  and  imposing  additional  duties  upon  the  Marine-Hospital  Service."  ap- 
proved February  15,  1893,  be  amended  by  addition  of  the  following  sections: 

Sec.  10.  That  the  supervising  Surgeon  General,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  is  authorized  to  designate  and  mark  the  boundaries 
of  the  quarantine  grounds  and  quarantine  anchorages  for  ves.sels  which  are  re- 
served for  use  at  each  United  States  quarantine  station ;  and  any  vessel  or 
officer  of  any  vessel  or  other  person  other  than  State  or  municipal  health  or 
quarantine  officers,  trespassing  or  otherwise  entering  upon  such  grounds  or  an- 
chorages in  disregard  of  the  quarantine  rules  and  regulations,  or  without  per- 
mission of  the  officer  in  charge  of  such  station,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and  subject  to  arrest,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  be  punished  by 
a  fine  of  not  more  than  three  hundred  dollars  or  imprisonment  for  not  more 
than  one  year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court.  Any  master  or  owner  of 
any  vessel,  or  any  person  violating  any  provision  of  this  act  or  any  rule  or 
regulation  made  in  accordance  with  this  act,  relating  to  inspection  of  vessels  or 
relating  to  the  prevention  of  the  introduction  of  contagious  or  infectious  dis- 
eases, or  any  master,  owner,  or  agent  of  any  vessel  making  a  false  statement 
relative  to  the  sanitary  condition  of  said  vessel  or  its  contents  or  as  to  the 
health  of  any  passenger  or  person  thereon,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor and  sul>ject  to  arrest,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  be  punished  by  a  fine 
of  not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  one 
year,  or  both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec.  11.  That  any  vessel  sailing  from  any  foreign  port  without  the  bill  of 
health  required  by  section  two  of  this  act,  and  arriving  within  the  limits  of  any 
collection  district  of  the  United  States,  and  not  entering  or  attempting  to  enter 
any  port  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  subject  to  such  quarantine  measures  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  the 
cost  of  such  measures  shall  be  a  lien  on  said  vessel,  to  be  recovered  by  pro- 
ceedings in  the  proper  district  court  of  the  United  States  and  in  the  manner 
set  forth  above  as  regards  vessels  from  foreign  ports  without  Ijills  of  health 
and  entering  any  port  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  12.  That  the  medical  officers  of  the  United  States,  duly  clothed  with 
authority  to  act  as  quarantine  officers  at  any  port  or  place  within  the  United 
States,  and  when  performing  the  said  duties,  are  hereby  authorized  to  take 
declarations  and  administer  oaths  in  matters  pertaining  to  the  administration 
of  the  quarantine  laws  and  regulations  of  the  United  States. 

o 


AMENDMENT    NO.   1   TO  THE    UNITED   STATES    INTERSTATE 
QUARANTINE    REGULATIONS,  PUBLIC   HEALTH    SERVICE. 


Treasury  Department, 

Office  of  the  Secretary, 

Washington,  February  15,  1929 


In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of 
Congress  approved  February  15,  1893,  Section  29,  Paragraph 
(e)  of  the  United  States  Interstate  Quarantine  Regulations 
is  hereby  amended  to  read  as  follows: 


(E)  No  spoiled  or  tainted  food,  whether  cooked  or 
uncooked,  shall  be  served  in  any  dining  car  or  dining  room  of 
vessel,  and  no  milk  or  milk  products  shall  be  served  unless 
the  milk  is  Grade  A  pasteurized  as  defined  in  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service  Sanitary  Milk  Code  or  Grade  A 
boiled,  except  that  Certified  Milk  as  defined  in  the  stand- 
ards adopted  by  the  American  Association  of  Medical  Milk 
Commissions  may  be  served  in  addition  if  the  carrier  elects. 


A.  W.  MELLON 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


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m  yis*/i\i^.i^ 


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